Department of
LIFE SCIENCES






Syllabus for
Bachelor of Science (Biotechnology, Chemistry, Botany)
Academic Year  (2023)

 
3 Semester - 2022 - Batch
Paper Code
Paper
Hours Per
Week
Credits
Marks
AEN321 ADDITIONAL ENGLISH 3 3 100
BOT331 PLANT TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY 4 4 100
BOT351 PLANT TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY LAB 4 2 50
BTY331 MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS 4 4 100
BTY351 MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS LAB 4 2 50
CHE331 CHEMISTRY III-ORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 4 4 100
CHE351 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS - III 2 2 50
ENG321 ENGLISH-III 3 2 100
FRN321 FRENCH 3 3 100
HIN321 HINDI 3 3 100
KAN321 KANNADA 3 03 50
SAN321 SANSKRIT 3 3 100
TAM321 TAMIL 3 3 100
4 Semester - 2022 - Batch
Paper Code
Paper
Hours Per
Week
Credits
Marks
AEN421 ADDITIONAL ENGLISH 3 3 100
BOT431 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT 4 4 100
BOT451 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT LAB 4 2 50
BTY431 GENETIC ENGINEERING 4 4 100
BTY451 GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB 4 2 50
CHE431 CHEMISTRY IV-INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 4 4 100
CHE451 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS - IV 2 2 50
ENG421 ENGLISH-IV 3 2 100
FRN421 FRENCH 3 3 100
HIN421 HINDI 3 3 100
KAN421 KANNADA 3 03 50
SAN421 SANSKRIT 3 3 100
TAM421 TAMIL 3 3 100
5 Semester - 2021 - Batch
Paper Code
Paper
Hours Per
Week
Credits
Marks
BOT541A CELL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDING 3 3 100
BOT541B GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION 3 3 100
BOT542A ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCES 3 3 100
BOT542B PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY 3 3 100
BOT542C ECONOMIC BOTANY AND PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION 3 3 100
BOT551A CELL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDING LAB 4 2 50
BOT551B GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION LAB 4 2 50
BOT552A ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCES LAB 4 2 50
BOT552B PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY LAB 4 2 50
BOT552C ECONOMIC BOTANY AND PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION LAB 4 2 50
BTY541A IMMUNOLOGY 3 3 100
BTY541B PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 3 3 100
BTY542A BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING 3 3 100
BTY542B FOOD SCIENCE 3 3 100
BTY551A IMMUNOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BTY551B PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB 2 2 50
BTY552A BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING LAB 2 2 50
BTY552B FOOD SCIENCE LAB 2 2 50
CHE531 CHEMISTRY V-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 3 03 100
CHE541A CHEMISTRY VA-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3 03 100
CHE541B CHEMISTRY VB-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 3 3 100
CHE551 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS V-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY 2 02 50
CHE551A CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VA-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 02 50
CHE551B CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VB-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2 2 50
6 Semester - 2021 - Batch
Paper Code
Paper
Hours Per
Week
Credits
Marks
BOT641A PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 3 3 100
BOT641B MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING 3 3 100
BOT642A HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY 3 3 100
BOT642B AQUATIC BOTANY 3 3 100
BOT642C FORENSIC BOTANY AND WILDLIFE FORENSICS 3 3 100
BOT651A PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB 4 2 50
BOT651B MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB 4 2 50
BOT652A HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BOT652B AQUATIC BOTANY LAB 4 2 50
BOT652C FORENSIC BOTANY AND WILDLIFE FORENSICS LAB 4 2 50
BOT652D RESEARCH PROJECT IN BOTANY 5 5 150
BTY631 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 3 100
BTY641A ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 3 100
BTY641B ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 3 3 100
BTY641C DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 3 3 100
BTY641D HUMAN GENETICS 3 3 100
BTY651 ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BTY651A ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BTY651B ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BTY651C DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LAB 4 2 50
BTY651D HUMAN GENETICS LAB 4 2 50
BTY652E RESEARCH PROJECT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY 5 5 150
CHE631 CHEMISTRY VI-MOLECULES OF LIFE 3 3 100
CHE641A CHEMISTRY VIA-INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT 3 3 100
CHE641B CHEMISTRY VIB-CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS 3 3 100
CHE651 CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VI-MOLECULES OF LIFE 2 2 50
CHE651A CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIA-INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT 2 2 50
CHE651B CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIB-CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND ORGANIC ANALYSIS 2 2 50
CHE681 DISSERTATION IN CHEMISTRY 7 5 100

AEN321 - ADDITIONAL ENGLISH (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description

 

This course is taught in the second year for students from different streams, namely BA, BSc

 

and BCom. If the first year syllabus is an attempt by the Department of English, Christ

 

University to recognize and bring together the polyphonic Indian voices in English and Indian

 

regional literatures in translation for the Additional English students of the first year, the

 

second year syllabus intends to take that project a little further and open up the engagement

 

of the students to texts from across the world. The syllabus - selection of texts will

 

concentrate on readings from South Asian, Latin American, Australian, Canadian, and Afro-

 

American. It will voice subaltern concerns of identity, gender, race, ethnicity and problems of

 

belongingness experienced by humanity all over the globe.

 

The syllabus will extend the concerns of nation and nationality and marginalization,

 

discussed within the Indian context to a more inclusive and wider global platform. We have

 

consciously kept out ‘mainstream’ writers and concentrated on the voices of the subalterns

 

from across the world. There is an implicit recognition in this project that though the aspects

 

of marginalization and the problems facing subalterns are present across cultures and

 

nations, the experiences, expressions and reflections are specific to each race and culture.

 

The course will address these nuances and specificities and enable our students to become

 

more aware and sensitive to life and reality around them. This will equip the students, who

 

are global citizens, to understand not just the Indian scenario, but also situate themselves

 

within the wider global contexts and understand the spaces they will move into and negotiate

 

in their future.

 

There is a prescribed text book Blends: Voices from Margins for the second year students,

 

compiled by the Department of English, Christ University and intended for private circulation.

Course Objectives

 

The course objectives are

 

 to enable students to look at different cultures through Literature

 

 to help students develop an understanding of subaltern realities and identity politics

 

 to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across disciplines

 

 to improve language skills –speaking, reading, writing and listening

 

 to equip the students with tools for developing lateral thinking

 

 to equip students with critical reading and thinking habits

 

 to reiterate the study skills and communication skills they developed in the previous

 

year and extend it.

Learning Outcome

CO1: it will enable students to understand and analyse the nuances of cultures, ethnicities and other diversity around them and become sensitive towards them.

CO2 : They will be able to critique literature from a cultural, ethical, social and political perspectives

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:12
Children?s Novel
 

TetsukoKuroyanagi: Tottochan: The Little Girl at the Window12

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:12
Short Story
 

Liliana Heker : “The Stolen Party

 

 Higuchi Ichiyo: “Separate Ways”

 

 Harukki Murakami "Birthday Girl"

 

 Luisa Valenzuela: “I’m your Horse in the Night”

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:12
Poetry
 

Poetry 12 Hrs

 

 Silvio Curbelo: “Summer Storm”

 

 Nancy Morejon: “Black Woman”

 

 Ruben Dario: “To Roosevelt”

 

 Mina Asadi: “A Ring to me is a Bondage”

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:9
Essay
 

Essay 9Hrs

 

 Amy Tan: “Mother Tongue

 

 Linda Hogan: “Waking Up the Rake”

 

 Isabelle Allande: “Open Veins of Latin America”

Text Books And Reference Books:

Blends Book II

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

Oxford Encyclopeadia on Latin American History

Children's Literature -  Kimberley Reynolds (CUP)

Evaluation Pattern

Evaluation Pattern

 

CIA 1: A written test for 20 marks. It can be an Open Book test, a classroom assignment, an

 

objective or descriptive test pertaining to the texts and ideas discussed in class.

 

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 works

 

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by students. They may do

 

Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes, presentations, debates,

 

charts or any other creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to explore

 

their creativity and engage with the real world around them and marks can be allotted to

 

students depending on how much they are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts

 

to the world around them.

 

Question Paper Pattern

 

Mid Semester Exam: 2 hrs

 

Section A: 4x5= 20

 

Section B: 2x15=30

 

Total 50

 

End Semester Exam: 3 hrs

 

Section A: 4 x 5 = 20

 

Section B: 2 x 15= 30

 

Total 50

BOT331 - PLANT TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course describes theory, methods and practice of the taxonomy, classification and economic importance of flowering plants using vegetative and floral structures of 20+ families growing in Karnataka, India. The course describes the various classification systems and identification methods for angiosperm identification. In addition course describes the economic significance of various important commercial crops.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Classify plant species and learn to identify the plants to their systematic position

CO2: Construct the taxonomic evidence from palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data

CO3: Analyze the principles and rules of botanical nomenclature

CO4: Determine the significance of economically important plants

CO5: Adapt the techniques of collection, preservation and processing of herbarium specimens

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:2
Introduction to plant taxonomy
 

Identification, Classification, Nomenclature

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Identification
 

Functions of Herbarium, important herbaria and botanical gardens of the world and India; Documentation: Flora, Keys: single access and multi-access

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
Taxonomic evidences from palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data.
 

Taxonomic evidences from palynology, cytology, phytochemistry and molecular data.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Botanical nomenclature
 

Principles and rules (ICN); ranks and names; binomial system, typification, author citation,valid publication, rejection of names, principle of priority and its limitations.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:2
Classification
 

Types of classification-artificial, natural and phylogenetic.Bentham and Hooker (upto series), Engler and Prantl (upto series).

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Biometrics, numerical taxonomy and Phylogenic studies
 

Characters; variations; OTUs, character weighting and coding; cluster analysis; phenograms, Important phylogenetic terms and concepts: Plesiomorphic and Apomorphic characters; Homology and Analogy; Parallelism and Convergence; clades, Monophyly, Paraphyly and Polyphyly, origin & evolution of angiosperms, construction of cladogram.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.Bhattacharya et.al. A Textbook of Botany, Vol.2. New Delhi: NCBA, 2013.

2. B. P Pandey, A textbook of botany: Angiosperms taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany, New Delhi: S Chand, 2009.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
  1. Henry and Chandra Bose, An Aid to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Coimbatore: Botanical Survey of India, 2001.
  2. Jain S. K.  A Manual Of Ethnobotany, India: Scientific Publishers, 2004
  3. Pandey &Misra, Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Ane Book Pvt. Ltd. 2008
  4. Sivarajan V.V. Introduction to the Principles of Plant taxonomy, New Delhi: Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1991
  5. Sreemali J.L. Economic Botany. Allahabad: KitabMahal. 1979.
  6. Swain T. Chemical Plant Taxonomy. New York: Academic Press. 1963.
  7. Verma.V. Text book of Economic Botany, Anne Book Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
  8. B. P Pandey, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, New Delhi: S Chand, 2005.
Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

 

BOT351 - PLANT TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY LAB (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1) To acquaint with the aims, objectives and significance of taxonomy.

2) To identify the common species of plants growing in Karnataka and their systematic position.

3) To develop inductive and deductive reasoning ability.

4) To acquaint with the basic technique in the preparation of herbarium.

5) To familiarize with the plants having immense economic importance.

6) To enable the students to identify the plants especially medicinal and ornamental plants.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the vegetative and floral parts of the plant

CO2: Assess the significance of economically important plants and its parts.

CO3: Adapt the techniques of collection, preservation and processing of herbarium specimens

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
PLANT TAXONOMY AND ECONOMIC BOTANY LAB
 

1.      Identify the following inflorescence and fruits:-

a.       Inflorescence - Simple raceme, Spike, Corymb, Head, Dichasial cyme and       Cyathium.

b. Fruits - Simple: - Nut, Legume, Berry and Drupe;   Multiple and Aggregate

2.      Study of vegetative and floral characters of the following families (Description, V.S. flower, section of ovary, floral diagram/s, floral formula/e and systematic position according to Bentham & Hooker’s system of classification):

Anonaceae, Brassicaceae, Malvaceae, Rutaceae, Leguminosae (Mimosaceae, Caesalpiniaceae and Fabaceae), Myrtaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apiaceae, Rubiaceae, Compositae (Asteraceae), Apocynaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Solanaceae, Convolvulaceae, Acanthaceae, Verbenaceae, Lamiaceae (Labiatae), Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Liliaceae, Orchidaceae, Musaceae, Cannaceae, Graminae (Poaceae)

3.      Identify the plants belonging to any 4 families mentioned in the syllabus upto genus by using the Flora.

4.      Students must describe the floral parts, draw the L.S., floral diagram and write the floral formula of at least one flower from each family.

5.      Study the finished products of plants mentioned in the syllabus of economic botany with special reference to the morphology, botanical name and family.

6.      Prepare herbarium of 10 plants with field notes.

7.   Workout nomenclatural problems regarding priority and author citations.

8.      Conduct field work under the guidance of a teacher

9.      Mounting of a properly dried and pressed specimen of any 10 wild plants with herbarium label (to be submitted during exam).

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.Bhattacharya et.al. A Textbook of Botany, Vol.2. New Delhi: NCBA, 2013.

2. B. P Pandey, A textbook of botany: Angiosperms taxonomy, anatomy, embryology (including tissue culture) and economic botany, New Delhi: S Chand, 2009.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
  1. Henry and Chandra Bose, An Aid to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Coimbatore: Botanical Survey of India, 2001.
  2. Jain S. K.  A Manual Of Ethnobotany, India: Scientific Publishers, 2004
  3. Pandey &Misra, Taxonomy of Angiosperms. New Delhi: Ane Book Pvt. Ltd. 2008
  4. Sivarajan V.V. Introduction to the Principles of Plant taxonomy, New Delhi: Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., 1991
  5. Sreemali J.L. Economic Botany. Allahabad: KitabMahal. 1979.
  6. Swain T. Chemical Plant Taxonomy. New York: Academic Press. 1963.
  7. Verma.V. Text book of Economic Botany, Anne Book Pvt. Ltd., 2005.
  8. B. P Pandey, Taxonomy of Angiosperms, New Delhi: S Chand, 2005.
Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY331 - MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper introduces the students with the fundamentals of molecular biology and biophysics. It also gives a clear out look on the molecular biology techniques used in the laboratory.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Examine the basic concepts of molecular biology with depth understanding of cellular machinery.

CO2: Illustrate the structural and functional aspects of basic biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein and the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription, translation.

CO3: Explain how gene expression is regulated.

CO4: Relate the molecular basis of life and the underlying genetic principles.

CO5: Describe the principle and applications of various bio analytical techniques.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Introduction to Macromolecules and Molecular Biology
 

Nucleic Acids:- DNA and RNA as genetic material and the proof (Griffith Experiment, Avery-McCarthy-McCleod Experiment, Hershey Chase Experiment, Biochemical evidences, Experiments using HRV and TMV )

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:15
DNA Structure, Properties and Replication
 

Watson and Crick model of DNA (Structure of Bases, Nucleosides and nucleotides, Chargaff Rule, Watson and Crick base pairing, Hoogsteen base pairing, physical measurements of DNA, antiparallel nature), Different forms for DNA (A, B and Z), chemical and spectroscopic properties of DNA (Effect of temperature:- denaturation and renaturation kinetics, Absorption of UV light, density gradient centrifugation, intercalating agents, effects of Acid and Alkali on DNA, solubility of DNA), DNA supercoiling (negative and positive supercoiling), Topoisomerase (Types and mechanisms). Hypothesis on DNA replication, Proof for Semi conservative model of replication of DNA (Meselson and Stahl Experiment, Thymidine incorporation Assay), Polarity of DNA replication, Prokaryotic DNA Replication Machinery: Gyrase, helicase, DNA polymerases (types, functions, properties) Origin of replication of DNA, Primer, Growing Fork, Mechanism of DNA replication (initiation, elongation (lagging and leading strand synthesis) and termination. Eukaryotic DNA replication – Multiple origins of replication, enzymes and proteins involved in replication, End replication problem and its solution (Telomere and telomerases and its significance in replication and involvement in cancer and aging). Models of DNA replication: Theta model and Rolling circle model, D-loop method. Inhibitors of DNA replication.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:11
Alteration of Genome in Prokaryotes
 

Mutation: Definition and Types (Point mutation: Substitution, Addition, Deletion; Frame-shift Mutation, Missense and nonsense mutation, forward and reverse mutation, suppression mutation. Somatic and germline mutation, Transition and transversion, Neutral nonsynonymous and synonymous mutation, lethal mutation) causes of mutation: Spontaneous (Wobble base pairing, addition and deletion by DNA looping out, spontaneous chemical changes: oxidative damage, alkylation and deamination) and Induced mutations (UV, base analogues, alkylating, Hydroxylating and deaminating agents. Repair mechanisms - photoreactivation, Mismatch repair, excision repair (BER and NER), SOS repair and recombination repair, Transformation – Tatum and Lederberg’s experiment, Conjugation – F+ and F- strains, Hfr strains. Transduction - Lytic and lysogenic life cycles of bacteriophage, generalized and specialized transduction.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Genome Organization
 

Organization of genomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes- concept of Gene, structure of genes, monocistronic and polycistronic genes, C value paradox, Gene organization and expression in mitochondria and chloroplast, functions, significance, role in evolutionary studies. Transposable elements – classes, transposons in bacteria, maize and Drosophila, retrotransposons, LINEs and SINEs, transposons and mutations.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:8
RNA Structure, Function and Synthesis
 

Structure and functions of mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA, hnRNA, long noncoding RNA (LNC RNA) miRNA and siRNA. Ribozymes: Types of ribozymes, role of RNA in ribosome catalytic core). Types of RNA polymerases in prokaryotes and Eukaryotes. Sigma factors and subunits of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes. Transcription – initiation, elongation, and termination. Structure of promoter, initiation factors. Elongation factors and mechanism. Termination, types of termination: ATP dependent and independent, transcription factors and its importance, post transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic mRNA: capping and polyA tailing. RNA splicing. Introduction to CRISPR-Cas9: guide RNA.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:7
Protein Synthesis and Modification
 

Properties of Genetic code and Wobble hypothesis. Mechanism of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (activation and attachment of amino acid to tRNA, initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chain), role of Ribosomes in Protein synthesis, post translational modifications of proteins- (glycosylation, protein folding, acetylation, phosphorylation), polysomes.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) G. M. Malacinski, Freifelder's Essentials of Molecular Biology, 4th ed. New Delhi: Narosa Publications, 2013.

2) K. Wilson and J. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

3) B. Lewin. Genes IX. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) H. Lodish, A. Berk, P Matsudaira, C. A. Kaiser, M. Krieger, M. P. Scott, L. Zipursky and J, Darnell, Molecular Biology of the cell. 5th ed. New York: W.H. Freeman and company, 2008.

2) D.L. Nelson and M. M. Cox. Lehninger’s Principles of Biochemistry, 6th ed. USA. W. H. Freeman and company. 2013.

3) D. Voet and J. G. Voet. Biochemistry. 4th ed. USA: Wiley. 2011.

4) M. L. Srivastava. Bioanalytical Techniques, New Delhi: Narosa Publications. 2011.

5) J. D. Watson, T. A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine and R. Losick, Molecular biology of gene, 7th ed. USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2014.

6) R. M. J. Cotterill, Biophysics: An Introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

7) B. R. Glick, J. J. Pasternak and C. L. Patten, Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. 4th ed. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology Press, 2010.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BTY351 - MOLECULAR-BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS LAB (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The papes aims at providing practical exposure to students with regards to the basic procedures in molecular biology lab. It deals with extraction and quantification of important biomolecules like DNA and protein.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Demonstrate the extraction of proteins from animal and plant sources.

CO2: Illustrate the quantification and purity assessment of nucleic acids.

CO3: Plan estimation of DNA, RNA and protein.

CO4: Gain understanding of various bio analytical techniques.

CO5: Assess the importance of UV sterilization and the effect of UV on microbes

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Name of the experiment
 

1) Preparation of Buffers-Citrate buffer, Phosphate buffer

2) Estimation of DNA by DPA method

3) Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method

4) Spectrophotometric estimation of DNA

5) Spectrophotometric estimation of RNA

6) Separation of amino acids by Paper Chromatography (ascending, descending and circular)

7) Separation of plant pigments by Thin Layer Chromatography and Paper chromatography

8) Extraction of protein from animal source by salt precipitation /organic solvent method & estimation using Biuret method

9) Extraction of protein from animal source by salt precipitation /organic solvent method & estimation using Lowry’s method

10) UV Mutagenesis

11) Ames test

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) S Sadasivam, A. Manickam. Biochemical Methods. 2 Ed, Delhi: New Age International Publishers Ltd, 1996.

2) S. K. Sawhney. R. Singh. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. New Delhi. Narosa Publications. 2014.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) M. L. Srivastava. Bioanalytical Techniques, New Delhi. India. Narosa Publications. 2011.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

 

CHE331 - CHEMISTRY III-ORGANIC AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course deals with the concepts of organic and analytical chemistry and builds the foundation for more advanced topics in the subsequent courses.

Learning Outcome

CO 1: Summarise the fundamental aspects of organic molecules and their interactions.

CO 2: Justify the chemicals and reactions based on the green chemistry approach.

CO 3: Discuss the principles of analytical chemistry techniques and apply them in real sample analysis.

CO 4: Relate theory of separation techniques and instrumental methods for analysis.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:8
Section A: Organic Chemistry 1. Organic Compounds of Nitrogen
 

 Prelearning topics: Classification and nomenclature of amines, Preparation of nitroalkanes and aromatic nitro compounds.

Amines (aliphatic and aromatic):  Preparation: From alkyl halides, Reduction of nitro compounds and nitriles, Reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones, Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis, Hofmann bromamide reaction (with mechanism). Reactions: Hofmann (with mechanism) vs. Saytzeff elimination, Carbylamine test, Hinsberg test, with HNO2. Separation of a mixture of  1°, 2° and 3° amines using Hinsberg reagent. Structural features affecting basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Comparative study of basicity of aliphatic and aromatic amines. Schotten – Baumann Reaction (with mechanism). Electrophilic substitution reactions of aniline: Halogenation, nitration and sulphonation.

Diazonium salts:  Preparation by diazotization.  Reactions: Conversion to benzene, phenol, iodo, fluoro and nitro benzene. Azo coupling.  Sandmeyer and Gatterman reactions.

 

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
2. Heterocyclic Compounds
 

Classification and nomenclature. Structure and aromaticity of 5-numbered and 6-membered rings containing one heteroatom. Synthesis and reactions of: Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole, Pyridine, Indole, Quinoline  and Isoquinoline.

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
3. Introduction to Green Chemistry
 

Green Chemistry: Introduction - Environmental concern on chemical industry and need of green chemistry – Origin of green chemistry – Twelve principles of green chemistry with explanations - Atom economy and microwave assisted reactions - Green solvents . Microwave and ultrasound assisted green synthesis.

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:6
4. Polymers
 

 Introduction, types of polymers, polymerization reactions, Formation of Polythene, polypropylene, polystyrene, poly vinyl chloride, polyesters, polyamides including Nylon 6 and Nylon 6,6, resins.

Physical properties of polymers, molecular masses of polymers, Introduction to conducting polymers with examples. Environmental hazards of polymers, biodegradable polymers. Plastics, Recycling of plastics. Fibres: natural and synthetic, Rubbers: natural and synthetic.

 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
5. Carbohydrates
 

Classification, and General Properties, Glucose (structural elucidation). Open chain and cyclic structures of fructose, galactose and mannose. Epimers and anomers. Determination of configuration of monosaccharides, Mutarotation, ascending and descending in monosaccharides. Interconversion of glucose and fructose. Structure of disacharrides (sucrose, maltose, lactose). Reducing and non-reducing sugars. polysacharrides (starch and cellulose) excluding their structure elucidation.

 

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
Section B: Analytical Chemistry 6. Statistical evaluation of analytical data
 

 Significant figures, Absolute error, accuracy, relative error, precision.

Classification of errors – (a) Determinate errors –Operational & Personal errors, Instrumental & reagent errors, Errors of method, Additive & proportional errors (b) Indeterminate or accidental errors.

Minimisation of errors– Calibration of apparatus & application of corrections, Running blank determination, Determination of accuracy of quantitative methods – Absolute method, Comparative method. Mean, median, standard deviation, variance (numerical problems)

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

[2] B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

[3] D.A. Skoog, D.M. West, F.J. Holler and S.R. Crouch, Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, 8th Edition, Brooks/Cole, Thomson Learning, Inc., USA, 2004

 

 

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

 [1]    Jain and Sharma Modern Organic Chemistry 3rd edition, Vishal Publishing Company, 2009.

 [2]    R. T Morrison and R. N. Boyd. Organic Chemistry. 7thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

 [3]    S.M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor. Organic Chemistry. 3rd, 12th Reprint, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, 2009.

 [4]    I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5th ed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

 [5]    Vogels Textbook of Quantitative Chemical Analysis, 6th Edn., Pearson Education Ltd. 2009.

 

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE351 - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS - III (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course is intended to provide basic skills in qualitative analysis at the semi micro scale. Identification of cations and anions present in inorganic compounds has to be performed. Separation of sugar and amino acid mixtures can be achieved through chromatography.

 

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO 1: Analyse inorganic salt mixtures.

CO 2: Discuss the separation of amino acid mixtures and sugar mixtures using chromatographic techniques.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:25
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry
 

 Semi-micro qualitative analysis (using H2S or other methods) of mixtures - not more than four ionic species (two anions and two cations, excluding insoluble salts) out of the following:

    Cations : NH4+, Pb2+, Bi3+, Cu2+, Cd2+, Fe3+, Al3+ , Co2+ , Ni2+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ba2+ , Sr2+ , Ca2+, K+

   Anions : CO32– , S2–, SO2, S2O32–, NO2, CH3COO, Cl, Br, I, NO3, SO42-, PO43-, BO33-

   (Spot tests should be carried out wherever feasible)

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
Section B: Organic Chemistry
 

 Separation of mixtures by Chromatography:

(a) Separation and identification of the components of a given mixture of two amino acids by paper chromatography/TLC

(b) Separation and identification of the components of a mixture of two sugars by paper chromatography/TLC

 

 

 

 

 

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

 [1] Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

[2] Mann, F.G. & Saunders, B.C. Practical Organic Chemistry, 4th edition, Orient-Longman, 1979.

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

Evaluation Pattern

 

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

ENG321 - ENGLISH-III (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

 

Course Description

English is offered as a course for all the students in BA, BSc, BCom, and BBA F&A classes in the third and fourth semesters. The aim is to strengthen the communication skills, and particularly study skills of the learners further, through adequate practice and exposure to good examples of writing, thought, ideas and human values. In addition, they will be trained in study skills through tasks in academic genres such as message, letter, essay, data interpretation etc. It aims to not only equip learners with skills but also sensitize them towards issues that concern human life in today’s globalised context. The course content is selected to meet the requirements of the departmental goal of “empowering the individual to read oneself, the social context and the imagined”; institutional goal of ensuring “holistic development”; and the national goal of creating competent and valuable citizens. The primary objective of this course is to help learners develop appropriate employability skills and demonstrate suitable conduct with regards to communication skills. The units are organised in order to help the learners understand the academic and workplace demands and learn by practice.

 

Course Objectives     

 

 

·       To enable learners to develop reading comprehension for various purposes

 

·       To enable learners to develop writing skills for academic and professional needs

 

·       To enable learners to develop the ability to think critically and express logically

 

·       To enable learner to communicate in a socially and ethically acceptable manner

 

·       To enable learners, to read, write and speak with clarity, precision and accuracy

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Recognise the errors of usage and correct them. Recognize their own ability to improve their own competence in using the language

CO2: Read independently unfamiliar texts with comprehension. Read longer texts, compare, and evaluate them.

CO3: Understand the importance of writing in academic life. Write simple sentences without committing errors in spelling and grammar. Plan a piece of writing using drafting techniques.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Introduction to university grammar
 

 

Subject verb agreement

 

Tenses

 

Preposition

 

Voices

 

Clauses

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Strategies for Reading
 

 

Skimming and scanning

 

Strategies of reading

 

Reading and understanding reports

 

Reading content/ texts of various kinds

 

Inferencing skills

 

Academic vocab

 

Academic phrases

 

Professional expression

 

Study skills- library and referencing skills (organising reading, making notes, managing time, prioritising)

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Strategic writing for academic purpose
 

 

Mind mapping

 

Organising ideas

 

Accurate usage of vocabulary

 

Paragraph strategy

 

Cohesion and sequencing (jumbled sentences to paragraph)

 

Extended writing 

 

Formal and informal writing

 

Reports (all types including illustration to report and report to illustration and/or graphs, charts, tables and other statistical data)

 

Proposal writing (for projects, for research)

 

Academic essays/ articles

 

Persuasive writing, extrapolative writings

 

Case study writing

 

Executive summaries

 

Editing, proofreading skills

 

Resume vs CV

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Listening and Oral communication
 

 

Self-introduction

 

Body language

 

Talks, speeches and presentations

 

Conversation

 

Telephone conversation

 

Meetings

 

Group discussion

 

Seminar / conference presentation

 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:5
Business communication
 

 

Principles of communication

 

Process of communication

 

Types of communication

Barriers in communication

Text Books And Reference Books:

NIL

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

ENGlogue -2

Evaluation Pattern

 

Evaluation Pattern

 

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test/ written or oral tasks for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

CIA 2: Mid-semester exam for 50 marks.

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any creative assignments.

 

 End- semester 50 marks 

 

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

FRN321 - FRENCH (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

French as second language for the Arts, Science and Commerce UG program

Learning Outcome

CO1: Ability to communicate with native speakers and make presentations on small topics

CO 2: Proficiency in literary analysis, appreciation and review of poems,play ,films and fables

CO3: Acquaintance of culture, civilization, social values and etiquettes, and gastronomical richness

CO 4: Ability to do formal and informal, oral and written communication.

CO 5: Overall knowledge on functional and communicative aspects and get through a2 level exams.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:9
Dossier 1
 

To perform a tribute: artist, work, you are going to…..

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:9
Dossier 2
 

Towards a working life

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:9
Dossier 3
 

France Seen by...

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:9
Dossier 4
 

Mediamania

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:9
Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
 

Act 1, 2 & 3

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.        Berthet, Annie, Catherine Hugot et al. Alter Ego + A2. Paris : Hachette, 2012

2.      Gonnet, Georges. Molière- Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme .Paris : Hachette, 1971

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.      Lichet, Raymond., Puig Rosado. Ecrire à tout le monde. Paris : Hachette, 1980

2.      French websites like Bonjour de France, FluentU French, Learn French Lab, Point du FLE etc.

Evaluation Pattern

Assessment Pattern

CIA (Weight)

ESE (Weight)

CIA 1 – Assignments / Letter writing / Film review

10%

 

CIA 2 –Mid Sem Exam

25%

 

CIA 3 – Quiz / Role Play / Theatre / Creative projects 

10%

 

Attendance

05%

 

End Sem Exam

 

50%

Total

50%

50%

HIN321 - HINDI (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

 

Course Description:

The detailed text book “Shambook” is a Khanda Kavya written by Jagdeesh Gupta. To improve the creative writing skills, Nibandh, Kahani and Kavitha lekhan are included.Bharathiya chitrakala is also a part of the syllabus to improve the knowledge aboutIndian paintings.

Course Objectives:

Students are exposed to different forms of poetry especially, Khanda Kavya. It will help them to understand the contemporary socio-political issues.By learning about the tradition of Indian painting and legendary painters of India , students get to know about the richness and culture  of the Indian paintings. Creative writing sharpens their thinking, analytical  and writing skills 

Learning Outcome

CO1: By the end of the course the student should be able to: ● CO1: Improve their writing skill in literary Hindi by doing asynchronous session assignments and CIAs. ● CO2: Improve their analytical skills through critical analysis of the poetry. ● CO3: Will be able to learn the different aspects of Official correspondence. ● CO4: To improve their basic research skills while doing the CIAs. By the end of the course the student should be able to: ● CO1: Improve their writing skill in literary Hindi by doing assignments and CIAs

CO2: Improve their analytical skills through critical analysis of the poetry.

CO3: To improve their basic research skills while doing the CIAs

CO4: To understand the contributions of painters to Indian painting.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:15
Shambooh
 

Khanda Kavya “Shambook” [Poetry] By:Jagdeesh Gupta. Pub: Raj Pal & Sons

 

Level of knowledge:Analitical    

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:15
Creative writing
 

Nibandh lekhan, Katha lekhan, Kavitha lekhan.

Level of knowledge:Conceptual

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:15
Bharathiya chithrakala -parampara evam pramukh kalakar
 

Utbhav, vikas aur pramukh shailiyam

pramukh kalakar-1.M F Hussain 2.Ravindranath Tagore 3.Raja Ravi Varma 4.Jamini Roy.

Level of knowledge: Conceptual

Text Books And Reference Books:

  1. Khanda Kavya”Shambook[Poetry] ByJagdeesh Gupta.Pub: Raj Pal & Sons
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

.1. Sugam Hindi Vyakaran – Prof. Vamsidhar and Dharampal Shastry, SikshaBharathi,New Delh

2. Essentials of Screen writing: The art, craft and business of film and television writing

By: Walter Richard.

3. Writing and Script: A very short introduction

By: Robinson, Andrew.

4 .Creative writing By John Singleton

5. Adhunik  Hindi Nibandh By Bhuvaneshwarichandran Saksena.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA-1(Digital learning-wikipedia)

CIA-2(Mid sem examination)

CIA-3(wikipedia article creation)

End semester examination

KAN321 - KANNADA (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:50
Credits:03

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description: Language Kannada is offered to students of third Semester BA/B.Sc as Second language for fifty marks. Students of this semester will study an anthology of Modern Kannada Poetry and an Autobiography of Laxman Gaikwad. This course prepares the students to understand the new era. At the dawn of the twentieth century, B.M. Srikantiah, regarded as the “Father of modern Kannada Literature”, called for a new era of writing original works in modern Kannada while moving away from archaic Kannada forms. Students will study modern Kannada poetry from B.M.Sri to Dalit poet Dr. Siddalingiah. An anthology of modern poetry is selected to understand the beauty of modern Kannada poets through their writings. Uchalya is an autobiographical novel that carries the memories of Laxman Gaikwad right from his childhood till he became an adult. Laxman Gaikwad took birth in a criminal tribe of India belonging to Orissa/ Maharastra. The original text is translated to Kannada by Chandrakantha Pokale.

 

Course Objectives:

Understand and appreciate poetry as a literary art form.

Analyse the various elements of Poetry, such as diction, tone, form, genre, imagery, symbolism, theme, etc.

Appreciates to  learn the elements of autobiography.

Learning Outcome

CO 1: Able to define autobiography

CO2: Outline a personal autobiography

CO3: Delineate different types of autobiography

CO 4: Proficiency in communication skills

CO5 : Understand the principles of translation

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:15
Modern Kannada Poetry
 

1. Kariheggadeya Magalu- B.M.Sri

2. Hunnime Ratri- Kuvempu

3. Anna Yagna-Bendre

4.Mankuthimmana Kagga-D.V.G

5.Ikkala- K.S. Narasimha Swamy

6. Kannad padgol- G.P.Rajarathnam

7.Hanathe hachchuttene- G.S.S

8.Adugemane Hudugi-Vaidehi

9. Nehru Nivruttaraguvudilla- Adgaru

10. Nanna Janagalu.-Siddalingaiah

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:20
Autobiography- Uchalya- Lakshman Gayekwad (Marathi)
 

Text: Uchalya

Author:Lakshman Gayekwad

Translation: Chandrakantha Pokle

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Creative Writings
 

 

1 Dialogue Writing

2 Essay writing

3 short story building

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. English Geethegalu- Sri, Publishers: B.M.Sri Smarka Prathistana, Bangalore-19 (2013)

2. Kannada Sahitya Charithre- Volumes 1-4, Editor: G. S. Shivarudrappa, Prasaranga, Bangalore Univeristy.

3. Hosagannada Kavitheya Mele English Kavyada Prabhava- S. Ananthanarayana

4. Hosagannadada Arunodaya- Srinivasa  Havanuru

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Hosagannda Sahitya- L.S. Sheshagiri Rao

2. Kannada Sahitya Sameekshe- G. S. Shivarudrappa

3. Bhavageethe- Dr. S. Prabhushankara

4. My Experiments with Truth- M.K. Gandhi

5. Ouru Keri- Siddalingaiah

Evaluation Pattern
 
Evaluation Pattern
 

CIA-1 Wikipedia Assignments- 20 Marks

CIA-2 Mid Semsester Examination- 50 Marks

CIA-3 Wikipedia Assignment-20 Marks

Attendance -10 Marks

End Semester Examination- 50 Marks

 
   

SAN321 - SANSKRIT (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Sundara Kanda is the only chapter of the Ramayana in which the hero is not Rama, but rather Hanuman. The work depicts the adventures of Hanuman and his selflessness, strength, and devotion to Rama are emphasized in the text. Bhoja only wrote 5 kāṇdas (up to the Sundarakāṇda), and there is a story about this: that he was inspired to write this work the night before a battle, that as he finished the Sundarakāṇda it was time to go, and that he announced that the Yuddhakāṇda would be enacted in the battlefield against the invader, but sadly he never returned. Others have composed a Yuddhakāṇda to complete the work.

The main objective of the students is to understand the champu Kavyas based on the sam.  

The Origin and development of the Champu.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To analyse the content of the text in detail with examples

CO2: To Deliberate the classification and characters of the epic

CO3: To understand the delight of the text.

CO4: To demonstrate an increased ability to read and understand Sanskrit texts

CO5: To understand the prefixes and suffixes and changing the sentences in grammar.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:35
champu
 

Origin and developmetn of Champu kavyas

Five Important Champus

Level of knowledge: Basic/conceptual/ Analytical

Shlokas 1 -60 Hnumantha¨s voyage to Lanka and searching for Seetha Description of city Lanka , Characters of Champu Kavya 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
Grammar
 

Prayogas and Krudantha

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Language skills
 

Translation of Given passage from English to Sanskrit 

Writing composition in sanskrit on the given topic in Sanskrit

Text Books And Reference Books:

Sundarakanda from Bhaja´s Champu Ramayana 

Chitrakalayaa: ugagamam vikaasam ca

origin and development of painting through Vedas and Puranas

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

   

Reference Books:-

 

1)      Sundarakanda from “Champuramayana of Bhoja  

2)      Sanskrit Grammar by M.R. Kale.

3)       History of Sanskrit literature by Dr.M.S. Shivakumaraswamy.

4)       History of Sanskrit literature by Krishnamachari.

 

 

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1 Wikipedia assignment

CIA 2 mid semester examination

CIA 3 Wikipedia assignment

TAM321 - TAMIL (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Araillakiyam, bakthi illakiyam, ikala illakiyamn the major allakiyams.The influence myths and puranas are delineated through the good deeds for a better lifestyle.The  Cultural Studies part will have an overview of Indian painting both traditional and modern with special reference to mythology and literature

India 2020- Abdul Kalam

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Recall and categorize the concepts of literature.

CO2: Understand the true essence of the texts, and inculcate them in their daily lives.

CO3: Recognize and apply the moral values and ethics in their learning.

CO4: Comprehend the concepts in literature and appreciate the literary text.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Ara illakiyam
 

1. Thirukural

2. Avvai kural

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Bhakthi illakiyam
 

1. Thiru vasagam

2. Kambar andhadhi

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Ik kaala illakiyam
 

Naatu pura padalgal

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Prose
 

India 2020- Dr. Abdul Kalam

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:3
Common Topic and visual text
 

1. Common topic: Oviyam

2. Visual text : nattupuviyal

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:2
Grammer
 

Sollu illakanam

Text Books And Reference Books:

Thirukkural-Bhoombugar pathipagam- puliyur kesigan urai, Chennai- 08

Kammbarin Ainthu noolgal- Vanathi pathupagam- Dr. R. Rajagopalachariyar,  Chennai- 18

Nathu pura illakiyam- Ki Va jaganathan- malai aruvi- Monarch achagam- chennai

India 2020- APJ Abdul kalam- puthaiyuram aandugaluku aga oru thoali nooku,  New century book house, chennai

 

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

 

Thirukkural-Bhoombugar pathipagam- puliyur kesigan urai, Chennai- 08

Kammbarin Ainthu noolgal- Vanathi pathupagam- Dr. R. Rajagopalachariyar,  Chennai- 18

Nathu pura illakiyam- Ki Va jaganathan- malai aruvi- Monarch achagam- chennai

India 2020- APJ Abdul kalam- puthaiyuram aandugaluku aga oru thoali nooku,  New century book house, chennai

Tamizhar nattup padagal - N Vanamamalai, New century book house, Chennai

 

 

 

 

Evaluation Pattern

EXAMINATION AND ASSIGNMENTS: There is a continuous evaluation both at the formal and informal levels. The language skills and the ability to evaluate a text will be assessed

This paper will have a total of 50 marks shared equally by End Semester Exam (ESE) and Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) While the ESE is based on theory the CIA will assess the students' critical thinking, leadership qualities, language skills and creativity



AEN421 - ADDITIONAL ENGLISH (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course is taught in the second year for students from different streams, namely BA, BSc and B Com. If the first year syllabus is an attempt by the Department of English, Christ University to recognize and bring together the polyphonic Indian voices in English and Indian regional literatures in translation for the Additional English students of the first year, the second year syllabus intends to take that project a little further and open up the engagement of the students to texts from across the world. The syllabus - selection of texts will concentrate on readings from South Asian, Latin American, Australian, Canadian, and Afro-American. It will voice subaltern concerns of identity, gender, race, ethnicity and problems of belongingness experienced by humanity all over the globe.

The syllabus will extend the concerns of nation and nationality and marginalization, discussed within the Indian context to a more inclusive and wider global platform. We have consciously kept out ‘mainstream’ writers and concentrated on the voices of the subalterns from across the world. There is an implicit recognition in this project that though the aspects of marginalization and the problems facing subalterns are present across cultures and nations, the experiences, expressions and reflections are specific to each race and culture. The course will address these nuances and specificities and enable our students to become more aware and sensitive to life and reality around them. This will equip the students, who are global citizens, to understand not just the Indian scenario, but also situate themselves within the wider global contexts and understand the spaces they will move into and negotiate in their future.

 

There is a prescribed text book Blends: Voices from Margins for the second year students, compiled by the Department of English, Christ University and intended for private circulation. 

The course objectives are

·         to introduce the students to look at different cultures through Literature

·         to help students develop an understanding of subaltern realities and identity politics

·         to inculcate literary sensibility/taste among students across disciplines

·         to improve language skills –speaking, reading, writing and listening

·         to equip the students with tools for developing lateral thinking

·         to equip students with critical reading and thinking habits

·         to enable them to grasp and appreciate the variety and abundance of subaltern writing, of which this compilation is just a glimpse 

·         to actively engage with the world as a cultural and social space (to be facilitated through proactive CIAs which help students to interact and engage with the realities they face everyday and have come across in these texts)

·         to learn and appreciate India and its place in the world through association of ideas in the texts and the external contexts

 

·         to reiterate the study skills and communication skills they developed in the previous year and extend it.  

Learning Outcome

CO1 : CO1: To understand the socio- political concerns in various literatures through short stories, poems and essays

CO2: CO2: To critically read and articulate the non- canonised literatures

CO3: CO3: To analyse and apply these textual themes in a multi- cultural, global and professional space

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:12
Novella
 

Unit 1: Novella

·         Viktor Frankl: “Man’s Search for Meaning”(Excerpts)                                       

 

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:12
Short Stories
 

Short Story                                                                                                    

·         Anton Chekov: “The Avenger”

·         Chinua Achebe: “Marriage is a Private Affair”

·         Nadine Gordimer: “Train from Rhodesia”

 

·         Wakako Yamuchai: “And the Soul Shall Dance”

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:12
Poetry
 

Poetry                                                                                                             12 hrs

·         Octavio Paz: “As One Listens to the Rain”

·         Jamaica Kincaid: “Girl”

·         Derek Walcott: “A Far Cry from Africa”    

 

·         Joseph Brodsky: “Freedom”

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:9
Essays
 

·         Alice Walker: Excerpts from “In Search of My Mother’s Gardens”

·         Hannah Arendt: “Men in Dark Times”

Dalai Lama Nobel Acceptance Speech

 

 

 

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

Blends Book II

Viktor Frankl's "Man's Search for Meaning"

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

Elie Wiesel "Night"

Diary of Anne Frank

Famous Nobel Lectures

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1:  A written test for 20 marks. It can be an Open Book test, a classroom assignment, an objective or descriptive test pertaining to the texts and ideas discussed in class.  

CIA2: Mid-semester written exam for 50 works

 

CIA 3: This is to be a creative test/ project in small groups by students. They may do Collages, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes, presentations, debates, charts or any other creative test for 20 marks. This test should allow the students to explore their creativity and engage with the real world around them and marks can be allotted to students depending on how much they are able to link the ideas and discussions in the texts to the world around them.

BOT431 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The course describes the mechanism and physiology of life processes in plants. It focus on the plant nutrient uptake and translocation, photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism. It helps to familiarize with the basic skills and techniques related to plant physiology and the recent trends in the field of plant physiology. It also helps to understand the role, structure and importance of the bio molecules associated with plant life.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the basics of physiological process in plants

CO2: Differentiate the significance of transpiration, photosynthesis, and respiration

CO3: Appreciate the applications of plant physiology in the agricultural field.

CO4: Analyze the effects and physiological mechanisms of growth regulators (hormones) in plants

CO5: Interpret molecular mechanisms of flowering processes in plants

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:6
Plant-water relations
 

Importance of water, Physical aspects of absorption: Diffusion, imbibition, osmosis, OP, DPD, TP, WP, Concept of Water potential and its components, matrix potential, pressure potential. Absorption of water- active & passive, Ascent of sap: cohesion adhesion theory

Transpiration: types, structure and mechanism of stomatal movements, theories: (starch-sugar, proton- K+ion exchange), Factors affecting transpiration; Root pressure and guttation. Antitranspirants.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Mineral nutrition
 

Essential elements, macro and micronutrients; Criteria of essentiality of elements; Role of essential elements; Transport of ions across cell membrane, active and passive transport, carriers, channels and pumps.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
Translocation in phloem
 

Composition of phloem sap, girdling experiment; Pressure flow model; Phloem loading and unloading.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Photosynthesis
 

Photosynthetic pigments, Structure of chloroplasts, photo excitation: Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Absorption and action spectra, Red drop and Emerson enhancement effect, Concept of photo systems, Cyclic & Non Cyclic photophosphorylation, Carbon assimilation pathways: C3, C4, CAM, Photorespiration, factors affecting photosynthesis.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:12
Respiration and lipid metabolism
 

Structure of mitochondria, Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration, respiratory substrates, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron transport system and Oxidative phosphorylations, ATPases, chemiosmotic hypothesis, Glyoxylate, Oxidative Pentose Phosphate Pathway, significance of RQ, factors affecting respiration. Lipid metabolism: Fats and oils store large amounts of of energy, Triacylglycerols, polar glycerolipids and their synthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, lipid composition and membrane function, membrane lipids as precursors of important signaling pathways.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:2
Enzymes
 

Structure and properties; Mechanism of enzyme catalysis and enzyme inhibition.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1 Hopkins, W.G. Introduction to Plant Physiology. New York: John Wiley and sons, 1999.

2 Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology (3rd Edition). New Delhi: Panima Publishing Corporation, 2003

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

Asthana D.K. &MeeraAsthana. A Text Book of Environmental Studies, New Delhi: S. Chand, 2006.

Bharucha, Erach, The Biodiversity of India. New Delhi: Mapin Publishing Co., 2003.

De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. Jr., Cell and Molecular Biology, USA: Lipponcott Williams and Wilkins. 2002.

Jain J.L. Sanjay Jain &Nitin Jain. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. New Delhi: S. Chand &

Company Ltd., 2005.

Jain,V. K.. Fundamentals of Plant Physiology, Delhi: S Chand and Company, 1996

Kumar D., Ecology for Humanity Eco Tourism. Bhopal: Intellectual Book Bureau, 2006

Kumar, U. and M. Asija, Biodiversity: Principles and conservation. India: Agrobios, 2006.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT451 - PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT LAB (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The course describes the mechanism and physiology of life processes in plants. It focus on the plant nutrient uptake and translocation, photosynthesis, respiration and nitrogen metabolism. It helps to familiarize with the basic skills and techniques related to plant physiology and the recent trends in the field of plant physiology. It also helps to understand the role, structure and importance of the bio molecules associated with plant life.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the various external environmental factors influencing the growth of the plants.

CO2: Compare the variations in biochemicals under the influence of Plant growth regulators and abiotic stress.

CO3: Develop scientific knowledge by designing, setting up experiments, collecting, processing data, and making a written output resembling a research publication

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT LAB
 

1. Determination of osmotic potential of plant cell sap by plasmolytic method. 

2. To study the effect of two environmental factors (light and wind) on transpiration by excised twig. 

3. Calculation of stomatal index and stomatal frequency of a mesophyte and a xerophyte.

4. Demonstration of Hill reaction. 

5. Demonstrate the activity of catalase and study the effect of pH and enzyme concentration. 

6. To study the effect of light intensity and bicarbonate concentration on O2 evolution in photosynthesis.

7. Comparison of the rate of respiration in any two parts of a plant.

8. Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography.

9. Estimation of plant pigments by colorimeter: A comparative study of chlorophyll pigments in variegated and green leaves of plants

10. Estimation of Phenol: Comparative Study of phenol content in stress pants and normal plants 

11. Extraction and Estimation of Enzymes – amylase, lipase 

12. Extraction and estimation of leghaemoglobin from root nodules. 

13. Demonstration of GA effect in germinating cereal seeds. 

14. Estimation of Ascorbic acid (vitamin c) from plant tissues through volumetric as well as colorimetric method.

15. Estimation of stomatal conductance by Porometer and interpretation of the result.

16. Conduct a research project to study the effect of plant hormones or abiotic stress on the growth and development of plants. Submit the report for the examination and viva to be conducted during the end semester examination

Demonstration experiments (any four)

1. Bolting.

2. Effect of auxins on rooting.

3. Suction due to transpiration.

4. R.Q.

5. Respiration in roots.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1 Hopkins, W.G. Introduction to Plant Physiology. New York: John Wiley and sons, 1999.

2 Taiz, L. and Zeiger, E. Plant Physiology (3rd Edition). New Delhi: Panima Publishing Corporation, 2003.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1 Asthana D.K. &MeeraAsthana. A Text Book of Environmental Studies, New Delhi: S. Chand, 2006.

2 Bharucha, Erach, The Biodiversity of India. New Delhi: Mapin Publishing Co., 2003.

3 De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. Jr., Cell and Molecular Biology, USA: Lipponcott Williams and Wilkins. 2002.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY431 - GENETIC ENGINEERING (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The aim of this course is to provide an introduction to recombinant DNA technology. It helps the students to understand how the principles of molecular biology have been used to develop techniques in recombinant DNA technology.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Examine the basic concepts in genetic engineering - enzymes, cloning vehicles, gene libraries, analysis and expression of the cloned gene in host cells and understand ethical issues and biosafety regulations.

CO2: Illustrate the practical applications of genetic engineering tools in the field of health care.

CO3: Plan recombinant DNA techniques essential for taking up projects in the field of Biotechnology.

CO4: Gives information about gene cloning and various techniques used in genetic engineering.

CO5: Understand the applicationS of genetic engineering.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:8
DNA Modifying and Restriction Enzymes
 

Introduction to rDNA technology, DNA modifying enzymes and its functions (DNA Polymerases, Klenow fragment, Ligase, S1 Nuclease, Mung Bean nuclease, Alkaline Phosphatase, Terminal Transferase, Polynucleotide kinases, Polynucleotide phosphorylase, Calf intestinal alkaline Phosphatases, Srimp Alkaline Phosphatases, RNase A, RNase H, DNase 1, DNase II, Exonuclease III, Reverse Transcriptase) Restriction modification system, Restriction enzymes – function, classification (Based on recognition and restriction sequence:-type I, II and III; based on buffer salt concentration: -low, medium and high; based on pattern of restriction:-sticky (5’ and 3’) and blunt end cutters 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:7
Biology of Cloning Vectors and Markers
 

Plasmids (Types, copy number, properties, origin of replication and incompatibility group, plasmid amplification), bacteriophages eg. λ (Life cycle, genome organization, feasibility as a cloning vehicle), Types of Cloning Vectors (structure and general features of General Purpose cloning vectors, Expression vectors, Promotor probe Vectors, shuttle vectors), Examples of cloning vectors (pBR322, pUC series of vectors, λ insertional and replacement vectors), derivatives of phages and plasmids (cosmids, phagemids, phasmids) cloning vectors for large DNA fragments and genomic DNA library YACs, PACs and BACs.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
rDNA Technology
 

General strategies for isolation of genomic and plasmid DNA, strategies for isolation of gene of interest (restriction digestion, PCR), Creation of r-DNA (Restriction Digestion, modification of vector and insert, linker, adaptors, homopolymer tailing, ligation), PCR Cloning, Selectable and scorable markers,reporter genes.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Gene transfer methods
 

Host and vector consideration, Host Organisms and its genotypes- JM 109 & DH5α, Methods of gene transfer- Calcium chloride mediated, Electroporation, Biolistic gun, lipofection and microinjection. In vitro packaging.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:4
Gene Libraries and Screening Techniques
 

Construction of genomic and cDNA libraries (Selection of vectors and Complexity of library), Immunological screening and colony and plaque hybridization, dot blot hybridization, chromosome walking, FISH

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Expression of cloned DNA
 

Protein production by foreign DNA in the host bacteria E. coli, cloning in pET vectors, eukaryotic vectors- Baculovirus based vectors, mammalian viral vectors.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Alkami Quick Guide for PCR A laboratory reference for the Polymerase Chain Reaction, USA. Alkami Biosystems Inc., 1999.

2. K. Wilson and J. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,7th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

3. T. A. Brown, Gene Cloning and DNA Analysis-An Introduction. 5th ed. UK: Wiley Blackwell Publishers. 2006.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. E. L. Winnacker, From Genes to Clones Introduction to Gene Technology, New Delhi, India: Panima Publishing Corporation, 2003.

2. B. R. Glick. J. J. Pasternak and C. L. Patten. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. 4th ed. Washington D. C: American Society for Microbiology

Press, 2010.

3. S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman and R. W. Old, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 6 th ed. USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2001. 

4. J. W. Dale, M. von Schantz and N. Plant, From Genes to Genomes: Concepts and Applications of DNA Technology, USA: John Wiley & Sons Inc., 2012. 

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2- 25%

CIA3- 10%

Attendance - 5%

 ESE- 50%

BTY451 - GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Modern Biotechnology relies on rDNA technology. This paper will equip the student with all the basic rDNA methods and protocols.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Covers the basic experiments and methods related to the rDNA technology.

CO2: Helps the students to understand and experience the methods and steps involved in cloning a DNA molecule and making of rDNA.

CO3: Imparts basis ideas on protein purification.

CO4: Helps the students to get familiarized with various techniques important in genetic engineering.

CO5: Students will be able to perform electrophoretic separation of biomolecules.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiment details
 

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria, plant and animal tissue 

2 Isolation of plasmid DNA (E. coli) by alkaline lysis method 

3 Separation of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis 

4 Expression of a gene in E. coli

5. Restriction Digestion

6. Ligation

7. Transformation

8. Screening of recombinant (Blue-white selection)

9. Screening of recombinants using PCR

10.SDS PAGE Analysis

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. J. Sambrook and M. Green. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 4 Ed. (3 Volume set). New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2012.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. J. Vennison, Laboratory Manual for Genetic Engineering. New Delhi: PHI learning Private ltd, 2009.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1-20% (Performance)

CIA2-20% (MSE)

CIA3-10% (Record)

 

ESE-50%

CHE431 - CHEMISTRY IV-INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:100
Credits:4

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course deals with the chemistry of transition elements and the fundamentals of coordination chemistry. In this course also covers studies on gaseous state, liquid state and crystallography.

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO 1: Compare the properties of transition elements and bonding in metal complexes.

CO 2: Correlate the properties of various phase systems and binary liquid mixtures with their applications.

CO 3: Illustrate the structure, bonding, properties and mechanisms of coordination complexes using appropriate theories.

CO 4: Discuss the various theories of gases, symmetry, and structural aspects of crystals.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:6
Section A: Inorganic Chemistry 1. Transition Elements
 

Pre learning: General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration variable valency colour magnetic and catalytic properties ability to form complexes and stability of various oxidation states

Latimer diagrams for Mn, Fe and Cu. 

Lanthanoids: Electronic configurations, oxidation states, colour, magnetic properties, lanthanide contraction, *separation of lanthanides (ion exchange method only).

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
2. Coordination Chemistry-I
 

Prelearning- Werner’s theory, IUPAC system of nomenclature.

Metal- ligand bonding in complexes Valence Bond Theory (VBT): Postulates of VBT, Inner and outer orbital complexes of Cr, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu (coordination numbers 4 and 6). Drawbacks of VBT. Structural and stereoisomerism in complexes with coordination numbers 4 and 6.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:16
3 Coordination Chemistry-II
 

Crystal field effect, octahedral symmetry. Crystal field stabilization energy (CFSE), Crystal field effects for weak and strong fields. Spectrochemical series, Weak and strong ligand fields magnetic and spectral properties of transition metal complexes, 

Tetrahedral symmetry. Factors affecting the magnitude of Dq. Comparison of CFSE for Oh and Td complexes, Tetragonal distortion of octahedral geometry. Jahn-Teller distortion, Square planar coordination. Limitations of CFT, Evidence for M-L covalent bonding (nephlauxetic effect, NMR and ESR), Introduction to MOT. 

Labile and inert octahedral complexes, chelate effect. Ligand substitution reaction reactions in octahedral and square planar compexes. Trans effect. Electron transfer and ligand transfer reactions.

                                                                                   

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:6
Section B: Physical Chemistry 4. Phase Equilibria
 

 

Phases, components and degrees of freedom of a system, criteria of phase equilibrium. Gibbs Phase Rule and its thermodynamic derivation. Clausius –Clapeyron equation and its importance in phase equilibria. Phase diagrams of one-component systems (water system and sulphur system) and two component systems involving eutectics: KI-water system and lead-silver system-Pattinson’s process. Freezing mixtures-applications.

 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:8
5. Binary liquid mixtures
 

 Prelearning topics: Ideal solutions and Raoult’s law, nonideal solutions, vapour pressure, boiling point.

Thermodynamics of ideal solutions: deviations from Raoult’s law – non-ideal solutions. Vapour pressure-composition and temperature-composition curves of ideal and non-ideal solutions. Principle of distillation of non-ideal solutions. Lever rule. Azeotropes. Partial miscibility of liquids: Critical solution temperature; effect of impurity on partial miscibility of liquids. Immiscibility of liquids - Principle of steam distillation.

 

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:8
7. Gaseous state
 

 Prelearning topics: Postulates of Kinetic Theory of Gases and derivation of the kinetic gas equation. Deviation of real gases from ideal behaviour, compressibility factor, causes of deviation. van der Waals equation of state for real gases. Boyle temperature (derivation not required).

Maxwell Boltzmann distribution laws of molecular velocities and molecular energies (graphic representation – derivation not required) and their importance. Temperature dependence of these distributions. Most probable, average and root mean square velocities (no derivation). Collision cross section, collision number, collision frequency, collision diameter and mean free path of molecules. Critical phenomena, critical constants and their calculation from van der Waals equation. Andrews isotherms of CO2. Joule Thomson effect and inversion temperature.

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Cotton, F.A. & Wilkinson, G. Basic Inorganic Chemistry, Wiley, 6th edition, 2007. 

[2] P. W Atkins, Physical chemistry, 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2006. 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

 [1] B. R. Puri and L.R Sharma. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry. Delhi: Shoban Lal Nagin Chand and Sons, 2004.

[2] J. D Lee. A  New Concise Inorganic Chemistry. 5th ed. London: Chapman & Hall, Wiley Indian Pvt ltd 2008.

[3] B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical Chemistry Vishal Publications, 2012.

[4] G. M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5th ed., Tata-Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

[5] Glasstone Samuel,Textbook of Physical Chemistry, 2nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

[6] F. Daniels and F.A Alberty. Physical Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley, 1996.

[7] G.E. Rodgers, Inorganic & Solid State Chemistry, Cengage Learning India Ltd., 2008.

[8] F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson and P. L. Gaus, Basic Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd edn., John Wiley.

[9] Satya Prakash, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 1, 5th Edition, S. Chand and Sons, New Delhi, 2012.

[10] R. Gopalan, Inorganic Chemistry for Undergraduates, Universities Press, Hyderabad, 2009.

 

Evaluation Pattern

Evaluation Pattern 

 

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE451 - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS - IV (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Principles of physical chemistry studied by the students in the theory classes get reinforced. This course introduces the students to various experiments on electrochemistry, ionic equilibria and thermometry. It emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Analyze the phase changes occurring due to change in temperature and concentration of a sample mixture.

CO2: Evaluate the pH, conductance and potential of the compounds and BOD and COD of water samples.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Section A:Physical Chemistry
 

1.       Chemical Kinetics

               Study the kinetics of the following reactions.

 a) Initial rate method: Iodide-persulphate reaction

b) Integrated rate method:

   Acid hydrolysis of methyl acetate with hydrochloric acid.

c) Saponification of ethyl acetate.

2. Distribution Study of the equilibrium of one of the following reactions by the distribution method:

a)        Benzoic acid between toluene and water

b)       Cu2+(aq) + xNH2(aq) ------- [Cu(NH3)x]2+

3. Phase equilibria

a) Construction of the phase diagram of a binary system (simple eutectic) using cooling curves.

b) Study of the variation of mutual solubility temperature with concentration for the phenol water system and determination of the critical solubility temperature.

c) Determination of the critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol water system and Study of the effect of impurities on critical solution temperature and composition of the phenol water

 

 

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Section B: Inorganic Chemistry
 

4. Determination of dissolved CO2 in water samples.

5. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.

6. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

$ 7. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)

 

8.   Determination of Percentage of available chlorine in bleaching powder.

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

 

 

 

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1]   Khosla, B. D.; Garg, V. C. & Gulati, A. Senior Practical Physical Chemistry, R. Chand & Co.: New Delhi (2011).

 

Evaluation Pattern

 

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

ENG421 - ENGLISH-IV (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

 

This syllabus is meant to cater to all the three streams- B.A., B.Sc.and B.Com therefore the selection of units, has been done keeping in mind the general needs of students from these different backgrounds. Topics of universal concern, appeal and relevance have been included to sustain the interests of all students.

 

The selection of topics also progresses in complexity with each semester, enabling the students to gradually progress into more serious and sustained patterns of reading and become increasingly perceptive and conscious of their own selves and the world they see around them.In a nutshell we aim to bring out a text that will empower the holistic development of every student. 

 

 

 

In addition, the selection of topicsis also heavily based on skill sets identified to be taught. Topics are carefully chosen to integrate appropriate language and communication skills among students. The specific focus of these two semesters is to build employability skills among them and to this effect, we have career advancement skills and employability skills based units. The learners will be exposed to various skill sets required to be able to handle various requirements both in their academic and workplaces.

 

 

Course Objectives:   

 

·       To enable learners to develop reading comprehension for various purposes

 

·       To enable learners to develop writing skills for academic and professional needs

 

·       To enable learners to develop the ability to think critically and express logically

 

·       To enable learner to communicate in a socially and ethically acceptable manner

 

·       To enable learners, to read, write and speak with clarity, precision and accuracy

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Ability to judge audience requirements in oral and written communication and communicate accordingly.

CO2: Ability to use specific styles in communication and understand workplace structures and requirements to communicate

CO3: Lead and participate in seminars and group discussions more effectively and with increased confidence.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Emotional Intelligence
 

 

Self-awareness

 

Stress management

 

Assertive skills

 

Critical thinking

 

Creative problem solving and decision making

 

 Appreciative inquiry

 

 Conflict resolution

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Professional skills
 

 

Professional ethics and etiquette (cell phone etiquette)

 

Organisation skills

 

Research and information management

 

Teamwork

 

Leadership skills 

 

Workplace ethics- culture, values and gender (netiquette)job search skill, mindfulness, goal setting, self-awareness

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Workplace skills
 

 

Interview skills

 

Professional etiquette

 

Elevator pitch

 

Teleconference

 

Video conference

 

Conference calls

 

Negotiation

 

Networking 

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Feature writing
 

 

Writing for advertisement

 

Developing web content

 

Infographics

 

Emails 

 

Making notes in meetings

 

Minutes

 

Newspaper writing

 

Press release

 

Blog writing

 

Tender

 

Memo

 

Brochure

 

User manual

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

NIL

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

ENGLOGUE 2

Evaluation Pattern

 

CIA 1: Classroom assignment/test/ written or oral tasks for 20 marks keeping in tune with the course objectives and learning outcomes.

 

CIA 2: Mid-semester for 50 marks.

 

CIA 3: Collage, tableaus, skits, talk shows, documentaries, Quizzes or any creative assignments.

End- semester 50 marks 

 

 

 

 

 

End Semester Exam: 2 hrs

 

 

 

 

 

FRN421 - FRENCH (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

French as a second language in the UG program. The method Génération A2 consists of a student's book and an activity book, both included in the digital manual. It consists of 6 units preceded by an initial section of 'Welcome'. Continuing from where A1 left, it aims to enhance learning skills further. The structure of each unit marks a real learning journey into different aspects of the French language and culture.

 

Course Objectives

·       To develop linguistic competencies and sharpen oral and written communicative skills further

·       To enhance awareness of different aspects of francophone civilization.

·       To enrich the learner’s vocabulary

·       To enable learners to engage in and discuss simple topics with ease

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: To familiarize students with the French culture and traditions.

CO 2: To equip students with correct grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation.

CO3: To enhance communicative skills.

CO 4: To make them well versed in all the four language skills.

CO5: To make them ready for A2 level Exams.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Festivals and traditions in France
 

Lesson 1: Let’s do the housework!

Lexicon – Lodging, the house, rooms

Grammar – The progressive present tense , possessive pronouns, negative form

Speech act – Protesting and reacting

 Lesson 2: About lodging

Lexicon – Furniture and equipment, household tasks

Grammar – Some adjectives and indefinite pronouns, verbs ‘to read, to break up

                   and to complain’

Speech act – Expressing interest and indifference

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
Drama
 

Molière’ s L’Avare – Français facile -Act III Sc 8 onwards

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Culture and tradition
 

Lesson 1: All in form!

Lexicon – The human body: exterior / interior, sickness and medicines

Grammar – Simple past tense and imperfect, recent past, expression of duration

Speech act – Narrating in the past tense

Lesson 2: Accidents and catastrophes

Lexicon – Accidents, natural catastrophes

Grammar – Adjectives and indefinite pronouns: nothing, no one, verbs ‘to say,  to run, to die’

Speech act – Expressing fear and reassuring

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Drama
 

Molière’ s L’Avare – Français facile -Act IV

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:10
French outside of France
 

Lesson 1: Studying abroad, Happy journey

Lexicon – The educational system, formalities to go abroad

Grammar – Demonstrative pronouns, simple future tense, situating in time

Speech act – Expressing one’s opinion,

 Lesson 2: The weather

Lexicon – The weather

Grammar –Me too, not me, impersonal verbs, verbs ‘ to believe, to follow and to rain’

Speech act – Speaking about the weather, speaking about the future

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
Drama
 

Molière’ s  L’Avare – Français facile -Act V

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.    Cocton, Marie-Noelle. Génération A2. Paris : Didier, 2016 

2.     Molière, L’Avare – Français facile

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.     French websites like Bonjour de France, Fluent U French, Learn French Lab, Point du FLE etc.

 

Evaluation Pattern

Assessment Pattern

CIA (Weight)

ESE (Weight)

CIA 1 – Assignments / Letter writing / Film review

10%

 

CIA 2 –Mid Sem Exam

25%

 

CIA 3 – Quiz / Role Play / Theatre / Creative projects 

10%

 

Attendance

05%

 

End Sem Exam

 

50%

Total

50%

50%

HIN421 - HINDI (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description:

The detailed text-book "Ashad ka ek din” is a drama by Mohan Rakeshi, one of the eminent writers of modern Hindi Literature. Hindi journalismis is one of the major unit of this semester. Phrases, idioms, technical and scientific terminology are included in this semester to improve the literary skills.

Course Objectives:

Through the prescribed play and the theatre performance, students can go through the process of experiential learning. Study of Mass media enables them to get practical training. Phrases, idioms, technical and scientific terminology sharpen the language skills of the students.  

 

Learning Outcome

CO1 : Understand the nuances of Hindi theatre.

CO2: Create awareness of the social issues.

CO3: Improve the skill of critical analysis.

CO4: Develop the writing skills for media.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:15
Natak- Ashad Ka Ek Din (Play) by Mohan Rakesh
 

Madhavi (Play) ByBhishma Sahni. Rajpal and Sons, New Delhi - 110006 

Level of knowledge: Analitical

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:15
SancharMadhyam
 

  •  Report writing,
  • Media Interview                                                                    
  •  Hindi Journalism 
  • Electronic media and Hindi,
  • Print media                                    

Level of knowledge: Conceptual

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:15
Phrases, Idioms. and Scientific and Technical Terminology
 

1. 50 Nos. Phrases and Idioms for writing the meaning and sentence formation.  

2. 100 Nos. (Hindi equivalent)

Level of knowledge: Basic

Text Books And Reference Books:

  1. "Ashad ka ek din ” is a drama by Bhisma Sahni. Rajpal and Sons, New Delhi - 110006
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

 1. News reporting and writing:          By Mencher,Melvin..

2. Hindi PatrakaritakaIthihas:By Jagadeesh Prasad Chaturvedi

3. HindiPatrakaritaSwaroopEvamSandarbh:                          By Vinod Godare

4. Media Interview:                     By Philip Bell,Theovanleeuwen.

 

Evaluation Pattern

CIA-1(Digital learning)

CIA-2(Mid sem exam)

CIA-3((Wikipedia-Article creation)

End sem exam

KAN421 - KANNADA (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:50
Credits:03

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The course introduces the rich Kannada language and helps students to read and write the Regional language effectively. The prescribed text ‘Kalagnani Kanaka’ (Kanaka, the visionary) is all about 15th century poet, saint and philosopher of the Haridasa Bhakti tradition. “Kanaka’s writings touch on all aspects of truth and social reality’ said K.R. Nagaraj, literary critic and the author of the Kalagnani Kanaka play. “Kanaka’s poetry is dense with rhyme, rhythm, meter and rich descriptions. He upholds social justice while addressing the issues of the time-caste and class differentiation and gender oppression, for example. Contrary to popular belief, he never confined himself to any one philosophical tradition- Advaita, Dwaita or Vishistadwaitha” ‘Kannadada Moovattu Kathegalu’ is another prescribed text. Through this text the students are exposed to the writings of Koradkal Sreenivasa Rao, K. P. Poornachandra Tejaswi, Masti Venkatesha Iyengar, G. P. Basavaraj and others. Short stories help students in harnessing creative writing skills.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Reflects the tradition of old & the new

CO2: Helps to create dialogue writing

CO3: Identify key points in stories

CO4: Understand the ideologies during British rule

CO5: Expose to Dasa Sahitya movement

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:20
Kalagnani Kanaka- K.R. Nagaraj
 

Act- 1

Act- 2 

Act- 3 

Act- 4 

Act- 5

Act- 6

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:20
Selected short stories (Kannadada Moovatttu Kathegalu) Edited by: Fakir Mohammed katpadi, Krishnamurthy Hanur Publication: Sahitya Academy,2018
 

1.      Dhaniyara Sathyanarayana-Koradkal Sreenivasa Rao

2.      Thabarana Kate- K. P. Poornachandra Tejaswi

3.      Gowthami Helida Kathe- Masti Venkatesha Iyengar

4.      Raja mattu Hakki- G. P. Basavaraj

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Language Skills
 

Essay Writing/ Letter Writing/ Dialogue writing 

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.      Adhunika Kannada Nataka: K.M. Marualasiddappa

2.      Kannada Rangabhoomi; L.S. Shesshagiri Rao

3.      Kannada Sanna Kathegala Olavu- Giradi Govinda Raju

4.      Tabarana Kathe- Kannada Screen play by Girish Kasaravalli

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.      Adhunika Kannada Nataka: K.M. Marualasiddappa

2.      Kannada Rangabhoomi; L.S. Shesshagiri Rao

3.      Kannada Sanna Kathegala Olavu- Giradi Govinda Raju

4.      Tabarana Kathe- Kannada Screen play by Girish Kasaravalli

 

Evaluation Pattern

CIA- Wikipedia Article writing -20 marks

CiA-2 Mid Semester Exams- 50 marks

CIA-3 Wikipedia Article writing- 20 marks

End Semester Exams- 50 marks

SAN421 - SANSKRIT (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Avimarakam by Bhasa is the drama  prescribed as a text and approved in the B.O.S.  It is sociological drama which explains about the society.  . This drama is an imaginary composition of Bhasa . The concept and drama skills expresses the beauty of the style of the author Bhasa.  He creates the characters and the incidents are naturally created. Grammar will also be studied.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To Understand the style and development of the play

CO2: To learn the linguistic skills of the drama.

CO3: To Deliberate the classification and characteristics of the play

CO4: To Understand the features of play

CO5: To understand the basic structural nuances of Panini?s grammar

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:35
Canto 1-5
 

Avimarakam of Balagovindaha  Jha Origin and development of Nataka to understand the different theories and original nature of Sanskrit dramas. Avimarakam  by Balagovind jha  provides an insight to sociological life .Basic grammer only rules are given for usage in composition. Language component will help for proper usage of Sanskrit language.

             Level of knowledge: Basic/conceptual/ Analytical

Avimaraka meeting kurangi and Avimaraka engtering into the mansion of  Kurangi

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
Grammar
 

Karaka prakaranam 

Vykarana vishesha 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Language skills
 

Translation of given passage from English to Sanskrit

Writing an article in Sanskrit on the given topics

Text Books And Reference Books:

Avimarakam  by Balagovind jha 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

            

Books for Reference: -

1.      “Avimarakam” by Balagovinda Jha

2.      Basanatakachakram  of choukamba edition.

3.      Sanskrit dramas by a.B.Keith

4.      Sanskrit grammar by M.R.Kale.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1 Wikipedia assignments

CIA 2 Mid semester examinations

CIA 3 Wikipedia assignments

TAM421 - TAMIL (2022 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

A new concept, cultural studies, will take the students beyond prescribed syllabus to include music, theatre, painting, and films out of which the art form of music is taken up for the first semester.  Aram poetry- Ara nericharam specifies life discipline and standards, which would pave a successful life for the students. 

Bhakthi ilakiya- them bhavani, cheerapuranam, thirumandiram is inclined towards ritual practices. Kaapiyam with its historical values provides an understanding about life in a mature way.



Learning Outcome

CO1: Recall and categorize the concepts of literature.

CO2: Understand the true essence of the texts, and inculcate them in their daily lives.

CO3: Recognize and apply the moral values and ethics in their learning.

CO4: Comprehend the concepts in literature and appreciate the literary text.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Kappiyam
 

seevaga sindhamani.

Thirumular Thirumandhiram

These topics coherently plays a significant role in inclination towards spiritual aspects of life. It puts for the religious beliefs and entitles each one to understand the rituals and practices.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Ara illakiyam
 

Aranericharam- Munai padaiyaar

The text acustoms the core values and ethics with the ideological guidelines and ways of living.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Bakthi illakiyam
 

Thembavani

Seera puranam

Thiru mular, thiru mandhiram

The text elicits the importance of rituals and beliefs. 

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Prose
 

Nadagam

1. Irakam yenge- C N Anna Dhorai

2. Theervu - Indhra partha sarathi

3. Soothradharam- Puvi Arasu

4. Karumbum Kalliyum- Komal saminadhan

5. Palaavku thookigal - Dr. A. Ramasamy

6. Pei ottam- Dr. K A Guna Sekaran

 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:1
Grammer
 

Vetrumai orupugal

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Common topic
 

Tamizhil pudhirgalum, pazhamozhigalum

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Neethi book, Manikkavasakar pathippakam, paarimunai, Chennai -08 

2. Tamil paa thirattu - prasaranga pub. Bangalore university, Bangalore 

3. Kappiya noolkal-manikkavasakar pathippakam, Chennai -08 

4. Madagascar kalanchiyam - van a thing pathippakam

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Thamil paa thirattu - prasaranga pub. Bangalore university, Bangalore 

2. Mozhi varalaru - Dr. My. Varatharajan - kazhaka pub. Chennai- 01 

3. Aranerichaaram-Munaipatiyaar 

4. Kazhaka pub. Thirunelveli, thenninthiya saivachiththantha noorpathippu kazhaka, Ltd., Chennai 01 

5. Thirumoor thirumandiram-Thiruvaavatuthurai aathinam, Thiruvaavatuthurai Nadagam, Education in karnataka Bangalore 01. 

6. Madras university , etaikkala illakkiyam, Chennai -01 

7. Thamizh pazhamozhikal, janaral pub. Mylappur, Chennai -04 

8. Thamizhil puthirkal our aayivu-Aaru. Ramanadan, Manikkavasakar niilakam, Chennai -01

 

Evaluation Pattern

 

 

EXAMINATION AND ASSIGNMENTS: There is a continuous evaluation both at the formal and informal levels. The language skills and the ability to evaluate a text will be assessed

This paper will have a total of 50 marks shared equally by End Semester Exam (ESE) and Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA) While the ESE is based on theory the CIA will assess the students' critical thinking, leadership qualities, language skills and creativity

 

BOT541A - CELL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDING (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Students understand the cellular and subcellular activities of living cells. This course provides an overview of the structure and functions of cell organelle. Course elaborates on the importance of cell signaling in biological processes. Modules provide in- depth understanding of principles of breeding and methods of breeding economically important crops

Learning Outcome

This part of the syllabus gives a basic idea of different microscopic techniques and understand the basic unit of life, the cell, structure of cell and the structure and functions of different cell organelles.

The student is able to know the structure of DNA/RNA, the mechanism involved in the replication of DNA, the central dogma of molecular biology.

The student is able to know the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The paper gives a strong base for higher studies.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Techniques in Biology
 

Principles of microscopy; Light Microscopy; Phase contrast microscopy; Fluorescence microscopy; Confocal microscopy; Sample Preparation for light microscopy; Electron microscopy (EM)- Scanning EM and Scanning Transmission EM (STEM); Sample Preparation for electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction analysis.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:2
Cell as a unit of Life
 

The Cell Theory; Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; Cell size and shape; Eukaryotic Cell components.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:17
Cell Organelles
 

Mitochondria: Structure, marker enzymes, composition; Semiautonomous nature; Symbiont hypothesis; Proteins synthesized within mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA.

Chloroplast: Structure, marker enzymes, composition; semiautonomous nature, chloroplast DNA.

ER, Golgi body & Lysosomes: Structures and roles.

Peroxisomes and Glyoxisomes: Structures, composition, functions in animals and plants and biogenesis.

Nucleus: Nuclear Envelope- structure of nuclear pore complex; chromatin; molecular organization, DNA packaging in eukaryotes, euchromatin and heterochromatin, nucleolus and ribosome structure (brief).

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Cell Membrane and Cell Wall
 

The functions of membranes; Models of membrane structure; The fluidity of membranes; Membrane proteins and their functions; Carbohydrates in the membrane; Faces of the membranes; Selective permeability of the membranes; Cell wall.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:4
Cell Cycle
 

Overview of Cell cycle, Mitosis and Meiosis; Molecular controls

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:2
Plant Breeding
 

Introduction and objectives. Breeding systems: modes of reproduction in crop plants. Important achievements and undesirable consequences of plant breeding.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

2. De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

4. Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

 

BOT541B - GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1.         Understand the basic principles of heredity

2.         Understand the inheritance pattern of nuclear and extra nuclear genes

3.         Understand the methods of crop improvement

4.         Understand the cytological aspects of growth and development.

5.         Understand DNA as the basis of heredity and variation.

6.         To understand origin of life on earth and pattern of evolutionary developments

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the Mendelian and non-mendelian concepts and origin and evolution of life forms

CO2: Analyze the characters in living organisms, and try modification of characters as well as evolving as a species

CO3: Apply the idea of chromosomes for various roles, its mutations and calculating map distances

CO4: Distinguish the techniques of plant breeding and its applications in crop improvement programs

CO5: Evaluate statistical approach for solving problems

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:7
Heredity
 

1.                       Brief life history of Mendel

2.                      Terminologies

3.                       Laws of Inheritance

4.                   Deviations from mendels laws-lethal Genes; Co- dominance, incomplete dominance, Epistasis, sex linkage, pseudodominance etc.

5.                     Penetrance and Expressivity

6.                       Use of Chi Square test on monohybrid and dihybrid ratios

7.                       Pedigree Analysis 

8.                   Cytoplasmic Inheritance: Shell Coiling in Snail, Kappa particles in Paramecium, leaf variegation in Mirabilis jalapa, Male sterility.

9.                   Multiple allelism

10.                 Pleiotropism

11.                 Chromosome theory of Inheritance.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:2
Sex-determination and Sex-linked Inheritance
 

Sex-determination and Sex-linked Inheritance 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
Linkage and Crossing over
 

Linkage: concept & history, complete & incomplete linkage, bridges experiment, coupling & repulsion, recombination frequency, Map units, linkage maps based on two and three test crosses, Interference and coefficient of coincidence, Crossing over: concept and significance, cytological proof of crossing over.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Mutations and Chromosomal Aberrations
 

Types of mutations, effects of physical & chemical mutagens. Numerical chromosomal changes: Euploidy, Polyploidy and Aneuploidy; Structural chromosomal changes: Deletions, Duplications, Inversions & Translocations.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:1
Plant Breeding
 

Introduction and objectives. Breeding systems: modes of reproduction in crop plants. Important achievements and undesirable consequences of plant breeding

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
Methods of crop improvement
 

Introduction: Centres of origin and domestication of crop plants, plant genetic resources; Acclimatization; Selection methods: for self-pollinated, cross pollinated and vegetatively propagated plants; Hybridization: for self, cross and vegetatively propagated plants – Procedure, advantages and limitations

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.     Benjamine A. Pierce, 2012. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach (4th Ed). WH Freeman and Company, New York

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

2.     Gardner E J, Simmons M J, Snustad D P (1991). Principles of Genetics (III Edn). John Wiley and Sons Inc.

3.     Snustad D P, Simmons M J (2000). Principles of Genetics (III Edn). John Wiley and Sons.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT542A - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCES (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description:

1. Understand the basic principles of different microscopy

2. Understand the basic principles and techniques of bio-analytical tools

3. Understand the basics of biostatistics

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the basics of analytical techniques for plant science research

CO2: Apply relevant techniques for extraction of phytomolecules

CO3: Analyze the different characterization techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis

CO4: Evaluate the extraction and characterization of biomolecules

CO5: Create knowledge to interpret and analyze data through statistical approaches

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:12
Imaging and related techniques
 

Principles of microscopy; Light microscopy; Abbe’s equation; Fluorescence microscopy; Confocal microscopy; Use of fluorochromes: (a) Flow cytometry (FACS); (b) Applications of fluorescence microscopy: Dark field microscopy, Phase contrast microscopy FISH, Transmission and Scanning electron microscopy – sample preparation for electron microscopy, cryofixation, negative staining, shadow casting, freeze fracture, freeze etching.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Cell fractionation
 

Centrifugation: Differential and density gradient centrifugation, sucrose density gradient, CsCl2 gradient, analytical centrifugation, ultracentrifugation, marker enzymes.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:2
Radioisotopes
 

Use in biological research, auto-radiography, pulse chase experiment

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:3
Spectrophotometry
 

Principle and its application in biological research

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:4
Phytochemical Extraction
 

Preparation of extracts for phytochemical investigations (Phenolic rich and alkaloid rich extracts.Volatile oils).Methods of extraction of phytochemicals and choice of solvents (Maceration, Soxhlet and pressurized liquid).

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
Chromatography
 

Principle; Paper chromatography; Column chromatography, TLC, GLC, HPLC, Ion-exchange chromatography; Molecular sieve chromatography; Affinity chromatography

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Plummer, D.T. (1996). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi. 3rd edition.

2. Ruzin, S.E. (1999). Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy, Oxford University Press, New York. U.S.A.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Ausubel, F., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D.D., Seidman, J.G., Smith, J.A., Struhl, K. (1995).

Short Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons. 3rd edition.

4. Zar, J.H. (2012). Biostatistical Analysis. Pearson Publication. U.S.A. 4th edition

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT542B - PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. Understand the structure and function of basic secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants.

2. Familiarize with the common separation and characterization techniques used in phytochemistry

3. Understand the basic officinal part present in the common medicinal plants and their use in ayurvedic formulations

4. Introduce the students into the herbal drug industry.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the basics of phytochemistry and Pharmacognosy

CO2: Apply relevant techniques for extraction of phytomolecules

CO3: Analyze the different characterization techniques for qualitative and quantitative analysis

CO4: Evaluate the parameter for cultivation and processing medicinal plants

CO5: Propose appropriate purification methods and commercialization of plant products

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:7
Introduction to phytochemical principles and methods
 

a) Introduction to phytochemical principles and methods; active and inert constituent of herbal drugs. b). Quality control of the crude drugs: Adulteration of crude drugs and their detection by Organoleptic, Microscopic, Physical, Chemical and Biological methods of evaluation:-

i) Organoleptic evaluation of plant drugs {Study of organoleptic features of leafy drugs (Senna and Digitalis), bark drug (Terminalia arjuna and Saracaasoca), stem drug (Tinospora cordifolia), rhizome drug, root drug (Withaniasomnifera), fruit drug (Aegle marmelosand Terminalia chebula), seed drug, and entire plant (Bacopa monnieriandOcimum sanctum)}.

ii) Microscopic evaluation of plant drugs: Study of microscopic features ofleaf (Adhatodavasica), wood (Pterocarpus marsupium), bark (Cinnamomum zeylanicum), rhizome (Zingiber officinale), seeds, and entire plant.

iii) Quantitative microscopy

iv) Microscopic analysis of powdered drugs with the objective of identifying genuine drugs and their adulterants.

v) Physical evaluation of plant drugs

vi) Phytochemical evaluation of plant drugs

vii) Biological standardization

viii) Importance of marker constituents in plant drug standardization

ix) Fingerprint identification of plant drugs

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
Extraction and Characterization Techniques
 

a) Extraction methods: Types and principles of extraction methods; their merits and demerits (Maceration, percolation, Soxhlet extraction, Steam distillation, Microwave-assisted extraction, solid-liquid extractions

(SLE), ultrasonic extraction, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), subcritical water extraction (SWE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Rationale for selection of different methods for extraction of natural products. Solvents: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol, water.

b) Separation techniques: Column chromatography including short column, flash, vacuum liquid, medium pressure liquid and centrifugal chromatography, TLC and HPTLC, Ion exchange, size exclusion and ion pair chromatography, Gas Chromatography (Selection of carrier gas and detectors), High performance liquid chromatography (Analytical, Semi-preparative and preparative), Electroplanar chromatography or electrophoresis.

c) Spectral Analysis and relevance to natural products: Ultraviolet and vis ible spectroscopy, Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, Mass Spectrometry.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:18
Study of the following plants with special reference to
 

Study of the following plants with special reference to

a) Habit, habitat and systematic position and morphology of the useful part.

b) Organoleptic, anatomical and chemical evaluation of the officinal part.

c) Phytochemistry and major pharmacological action of plant drugs.

d) Ayurvedic formulations using the plant- Adhatoda vasica, Andrographis paniculata, Azadirachta indica, Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Centella asiatica, Tribulus terrestris, Punica granatum, Asparagus racemosus, Phyllanthus neruri, Datura stramonium,, Aloe vera, Zingiber officinale, Terminalia arjuna, Saraca asoca, Boerhavia difusa, Ricinus communis, Ruta graveolens, Emblica officinalis, Curcuma longa,

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:6
Study of aromatic plants and methods of extraction
 

Study of the following aromatic plants and methods of extraction: Sysygiumaromaticum, Santalum album, Cymbopogancitratus, Ocimum sanctum, Mentha piperita, Acacia sp., Guggal (Commiphora wightii), Bixa orellana, Cinnamomum camphora

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:3
Purification Methodology and Traditional Remedies
 

a) Introduction; Toxicity - Acute toxicity, Chronic Toxicity.

b) Drug interactions; a public health perspective.

c) Safety of phototherapeutic preparations.

d) Purification techniques of plant extracts used in traditional remedies

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:3
Commercialization Indian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
 

a) Introduction; Indian Herbal Trade in world Scenario.

b) Medicinal plant based industries in indigenous system of medicine.

c) Export potential of Indian Phyto-Pharmaceutical products

d) Indian medicinal plants used in cosmetic and aromatherapy

e) Indian medicinal plants in crude semi processed and processed products.

f) Export of spices.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Biren, Shah and Seth, A. K. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. New Delhi: Elsevier, 2010.

2. Heinrich, Michael. Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. AshutoshKar, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, New Delhi: New Age International, 2006.

2. Bhattacharjee, S K, Hand Book of Medicinal Plants, Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2003.

3. Daniel, M., Methods in Plant Chemistry and Economic Botany, New Delhi: Kalyani publishers, 1991.

4. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, IDMA RRL Jammu, Edition 2002.

5. Arya Vaidya Sala Kottackal, Indian Medicinal Plants (5 Vols), New Delhi: Orient longoman. 1994.

6. Jean Bruneton,Caroline K. Hatton. Pharmacognosy, Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants. Intercept

Limited. 2000.

7. Khory, R. N. Materia, Medica of India and their Therapeutics, Komal Prakashan, Delhi, 1999.

8. Dr. Pulok K, Quality Control of Herbal Drugs, Mukherjee. 2003.

9. Trivedi P C, Medicinal Plants Utilization and Conservation, Jaipur: Avishkar Publishers, 2007.

10. Upadhyaya R C, The treatise on Aromatic plants, New Delhi: Anmol Publications, 2008.

11. CSIR, Wealth of India, (XI Vols), 1985.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

 

BOT542C - ECONOMIC BOTANY AND PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper deals with the importance of plants and its commercialization for the benefit of mankind in various ways. The different units in the paper deals with origin, imoortance, domestication and conservation of cultivated plants. The paper also deals with plant quaratine, utilization of plants in different sources as Cereals and Millets, Pulses and Legumes, Sources of Sugars and Starches, Spices, Beverages, Oil seeds fats and Essential oils, Aromatic Plants, Drug-yielding and Medicinal plants, Timber plants. The paper also deals with the importance of algae and seaweeds in various aspects.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the importance of agriculture, origin and diversity of crop plants and various aspects of germplasm augmentation, conservation and plant quarantine

CO2: Understand the Origin, distribution, ecology, botany, cultivation practices, processing of economic plant part / product, main chemical constituents, and economic Importance of spices and beverages

CO3: Understand the Origin, distribution, ecology, botany, cultivation practices, processing of economic plant part / product, main chemical constituents, and economic Importance of aromatic plants

CO4: Apply the wealth of medicinal plants, their phytochemicals, uses and cultivation aspects and also the economics of cultivation

CO5: Evaluate the importance of algae in various fields like, food and fodder, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, biofuels etc

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
Origin and conservation of Cultivated Plants
 

Origin, Importance and domestication: Origin of Agriculture and ancient economic botany, Vavilov’s Centres of Origin and diversity of crop plants, domestication, evaluation, bioprospection, Major plant introductions; Crop domestication and loss of genetic diversity;

Germplasm augmentation and conservation: History and importance of germplasm collection; Overview of : Ecogeographical distribution of diversity, General account of : Biotechnology in plant germplasm acquisition, plant tissue culture in disease elimination, in vitro conservation and exchange, cryopreservation, transgenics – exchange and biosafety

issues,

Plant Quarantine: Principles, objectives and relevance of plant quarantine; Introductory regulations and plant quarantine set up in India; economic significance of seed borne pests, pathogens and weeds; detection and post entry quarantine operations, harvesting-post harvesting

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Botany, Utilization of Plant Wealth (Cereals and Millets, Pulses and Legumes, Sources of Sugars and Starches)
 

Origin, evolution and biosystematics, morphology, and uses of some selected crops: Cereals: Wheat, Rice, maize, pearl millet and minor millets. Pulses: Origin, morphology, uses, Importance to man and ecosystem of pulses (Pigeon pea, Chickpea, Green gram, Soyabean, Pea,  Horsegram), and Legumes (lab-lab bean, winged bean, French bean, sword bean). Morphology and processing of sugarcane, products and by-products.Morphology, propagation & uses of Sugarbeet, and sweet sorghum.Potato, and Tapioca.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:15
Botany, Utilization of Plant Wealth (Spices, Beverages, Oil seeds fats and Essential oils)
 

Spices: Listing of important spices (Saffron, Cloves, Cardamom, Cinnamon, Tejpat, Nutmeg and Mace, Anise, Cumin, Celery, Vanilla, Fennel, Coriander), their botanical name, family and part used, commercial aspects. Origin, distribution, ecology, botany, cultivation practices, processing of economic plant part / product , main chemical constituents, and economic Importance of the Major spices, namely Turmeric, Ginger, Black Pepper , Coriander. Beverages: Tea and Coffee : History, origin, growing countries, Botany, cultivation practices, common diseases and pests, major chemical constituents, processing and quality control of economic product, Oil seeds and fats: General description, classification, extraction and uses of groundnut, coconut, soybean, mustard. Essential Oils: General description uses extraction / distillation of essential oil, chemical constituents of major essential oil yielding aromatic plants, namely Rose, Geranium, Lemongrass, Menthol mint, Lavender, Eucalyptus, Clove, Camphor and Sandal wood.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:15
Botany, Utilization and Processing of Plant Wealth (Aromatic Plants, Drug-yielding and Medicinal plants, Timber plants)
 

Drug yielding and Medicinal plants: Fumitories and Masticatories: Processing, therapeutic uses, and health hazards of habit-forming drugs, Botany and cultivation /regulatory practices of such drug yielding plants with special reference to Papaver and Tobacco. Major Medicinal Plants : Botany, Uses, Cultivation and Processing of major medicinal plants, namely : Ashwagandha, Kalmegh, Shatavar, Ghrit Kumari (Aloe vera), Quinghao (Artemisia annua), Isabgol, Bhui Amla (Phyllanthus), Stevia, Sarpagandha, Licorice, Gilloi (Tinospora), Natural Rubber: Pararubber: tapping, processing and uses. Timber plants and Fibres: General account and Botany of the Tree, wood structure and quality characteristics, and timber processing with special reference to, Saal (Shorea robusta), Teak. General account of the Fiber yielding plants, Classification based on the origin of fibers, Extraction, processing, morphology and uses of fibers, with special reference to Cotton, Coir, Jute. Seaweeds: Economically important seaweed resources of India, Production of carrageenan, agar, seaweeds as fertilizers, edible seaweeds, drugs from algae, cosmetics and nutraceuticals from algae, algae based biofuel.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Chrispeels, M.J. and Sadava, D.E. (1994) Plants, Genes and Agriculture. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

2. CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (2016). Aush Gyanya: Handbook of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Cultivation.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Kochhar, S.L. (2016). Economic Botany: A Comprehensive Study. 5th Edition. Cambridge

4. Samba Murty, AVSS and Subrahmanyam, N.S. (1989). a text book of Economic Botany. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi

5. Sambamurty, AVSS and Subrahmanyam, N.S. (2008). A Textbook of Modern Economic Botany. 1st Edition, Paperback. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.; 1st edition (4 September 2008)

6. Wickens, G.E. (2001). Economic Botany: Principles & Practices. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

7. Any local/state/regional flora published by BSI or any other agency.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT551A - CELL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDING LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1.         Understand the basic principles and techniques of different microscopy

2.         Understand the basic unit of life, the cell and know the structure and functions of cell organelles

3.            Understand the methods of crop improvement

4.            Understand the cytological aspects of growth and development.

Learning Outcome

This part of the syllabus gives a basic idea of different microscopic techniques and understands the basic unit of life, the cell, structure of cell and the structure and functions of different cell organelles.

The student is able to know the structure of DNA/RNA, the mechanism involved in the replication of DNA, the central dogma of molecular biology. The student is able to know the regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The paper gives a strong base for higher studies.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
CELL BIOLOGY AND PLANT BREEDING LAB
 

1. To study prokaryotic cells (bacteria), viruses, eukaryotic cells with the help of light and electron micrographs.

2. Study of the photomicrographs of cell organelles

3. To study the structure of plant cell through temporary mounts.

4. To study the structure of animal cells by temporary mounts- squamous epithelial cell and nerve cell.

5. Preparation of temporary mounts of striated muscle fiber

6. To prepare temporary stained preparation of mitochondria from striated muscle cells /cheek epithelial cells using vital stain Janus green.

7. Study the effect of temperature, organic solvent on semi permeable membrane.

8. Demonstration of dialysis of starch and simple sugar.

9. Study of plasmolysis and deplasmolysis on Rhoeoleaf.

10. Measure the cell size (either length or breadth/diameter) by micrometry.

11. Study of special chromosomes (polytene&lampbrush) either by slides or photographs.

12. Study DNA packaging by micrographs.

13. Preparation of the karyotype and ideogram from given photograph of somatic metaphase chromosome.

14. Study of cell cycle stages in the meristematic cells of Allium cepa/Phaseolus vulgaris root tips.

15. Study of cell cycle stages in the cells from the male gametic tissue of Allium cepa.

Plant Breeding

16. Hybridization techniques - Emasculation, Bagging (For demonstration only).

17. Induction of polyploidy conditions in plants (For demonstration only).

18. Comparison of percentage of seed germination and the effect of any chemical on the rate of elongation of radicle in any three crop seeds

19. Visit to a plant breeding station and submit the report

20. Calculation of percentage of germinated pollen in a given medium.

21. Micrometry

22. Maceration of Xylem to study tracheids of pteridophytes, gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.      Karp, G. 2010. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments. 6th Edition. John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

2.       De Robertis, E.D.P. and De Robertis, E.M.F. 2006. Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.      Cooper, G.M. and Hausman, R.E. 2009. The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th edition. ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C.; Sinauer Associates, MA.

2.       Becker, W.M., Kleinsmith, L.J., Hardin. J. and Bertoni, G. P. 2009. The World of the Cell. 7th edition. Pearson Benjamin Cummings Publishing, San Francisco.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BOT551B - GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

 

1.         Understand the basic principles of heredity

2.         Understand the inheritance pattern of nuclear and extra nuclear genes

3.         Understand the methods of crop improvement

4.         Understand the cytological aspects of growth and development.

5.         Understand DNA as the basis of heredity and variation.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the mendelian and non-mendelian concepts using statistical approach

CO2: Analyze the concepts of plant breeding and evolution using various techniques and models

CO3: Formulate hypotheses, collect and analyze data, and present results in the standard format of scientific records

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
GENETICS, PLANT BREEDING AND EVOLUTION LAB
 

Genetics

1.       Genetic Problems-Dihybrid ratio; Laboratory exercises in probability and chi-square.; Incomplete dominance, Multiple factors; Supplementary, complementary and epitasis; Pedigree analysis for dominant and recessive autosomal and sex linked traits.; Chi square test for goodness of Fit and test for linkage analysis; Linkage and recombination; Construction of genetic map with the use of two-point and three point test cross

                    2. Study of mitosis and meiosis (temporary mounts and permanent slides).

                    3.  Culture techniques and handling of fruit flies.

                    4. Life cycle of Drosophila melanogaster and Identification of male and female flies.

                    5. Observation of mutant flies.

                    6.  Crossing experiments and simple mendelian inheritance in fruit flies.

Plant Breeding

1.    Hybridization techniques - Emasculation, Bagging (For demonstration only).

2.  Induction of polyploidy conditions in plants (For demonstration only).

3.   Comparison of percentage of seed germination and the effect of any chemical on the rate of elongation of radicle in any three crop seeds

4.   Visit to a plant breeding station and submit the report

5.   Calculation of percentage of germinated pollen in a given medium and pollen fertility studies.

6.   Micrometry

7.   Maceration of Xylem to study tracheids of pteridophytes, gymnosperms and Angiosperms.

Evolutionary Biology

1.  Study of Geologic Time scales.

2.   Models and Photographs related to organic evolution

3.   Models and photographs related to natural selection, isolation and speciation

4.   4 Evidences of Polyploidy and Evolution

5. Evolutionary mathematics problems

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.     Benjamine A. Pierce, 2012. Genetics: A Conceptual Approach (4th Ed). WH Freeman and Company, New York

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

2.     Gardner E J, Simmons M J, Snustad D P (1991). Principles of Genetics (III Edn). John Wiley and Sons Inc.

3.     Snustad D P, Simmons M J (2000). Principles of Genetics (III Edn). John Wiley and Sons.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

END SEMESTER PRACTICAL EXAMINATION: 50 Marks

 

BOT552A - ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCES LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. Understand the basic principles different microscopy

2. Understand the basic principles and techniques of bio analytical tools

3. Understand the basics of biostatistics

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the basics of analytical techniques for estimating phytomolecules and biomolecules

CO2: Distinguish between various analytical instruments and its applications

CO3: Formulate hypotheses, collect and analyze data, and present results in the standard format of scientific records

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES IN PLANT SCIENCE LAB
 

1.                  1.                   Estimation of sugar by Benedict’s quantitative assay.

2.                   Isolation of chloroplasts by differential centrifugation.

3.                   Estimation of total Phenol Content

4.                   Ammonium sulfate precipitation and to estimate protein concentration through Lowry’s methods

5.                   To separate amino acids by paper chromatography.

6.                   To separate chloroplast pigments by column chromatography.

7.                   Crude extraction of Phytochemicals

8.                   Study of HPLC data from crude extract analysis

9.                   Study of GC/MS data from crude extract analysis

10.               To separate proteins using PAGE.

11.               To separate DNA by using AGE.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.         Plummer, D.T. (1996). An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi. 3rd edition.

2.         Ruzin, S.E. (1999). Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy, Oxford University Press, New York. U.S.A.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.         Ausubel, F., Brent, R., Kingston, R. E., Moore, D.D., Seidman, J.G., Smith, J.A., Struhl, K. (1995). Short Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons. 3rd edition.

2.                  Zar, J.H. (2012). Biostatistical Analysis. Pearson Publication. U.S.A. 4th edition.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BOT552B - PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. Understand the structure and function of basic secondary metabolites in medicinal and aromatic plants.

2. Familiarize with the common separation and characterization techniques used in    phytochemistry

3. Understand the basic officinal part present in the common medicinal plants and their use in ayurvedic formulations

4.  Introduce the students into the herbal drug industry.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the characteristics of herbal drugs

CO2: Analyze the extraction and characterization techniques for phytomolecules

CO3: Formulate hypotheses, collect and analyze data, and present results in the standard format of scientific records

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOGNOSY LAB
 

1.       Visit to the institutions for carrying out isolation, separation, purification and identification of important phytoconstituents of herbal drugs as mentioned in theory syllabus.

2.       Qualitative analysis of phytochemical compounds

3.       UV radiation tests for natural drugs

4.       Study of phytoconstituents through thin layer chromatography

5.       Spectroscopic/calorimetric analysis of isolated compounds.

6.       Extraction and separation of volatile oils from aromatic plants

7.       Extraction and Separation of saponins/flavonoids/phenols

8.       Preparation of herbal decoctions

9.       Anatomical difference between the officinal parts of the following plants and their adulterant counter parts

Drug plant                 officinal part           Adulterant/substitute counterpart

a.       Terminalia arjuna                         Bark                              Lagerstroemia

b.       Saraca asoka                                 Bark                             Polyalthea longifolia

c.       Cinnamomum zeylanicum   Bark                          Cinnamomumverum

d.       Tinospora Cordifolia          Stem                            Tinosporamalabarica

e.       Ricinus communis                          Root                             Abelmoschusesculentus

10.   Study on Antimicrobial effects of medicinal plant extracts

11.   Sustainable collection and identification of medicinal plants

12.   Visit to forest/ herbal garden to identify medicinal plants

13. Preparation of photo album of 25 medicinal plants.

Text Books And Reference Books:

Biren, Shah and Seth, A. K. Text book of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. New Delhi: Elsevier, 2010.

Heinrich, Michael. Fundamentals of Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy. Churchill Livingstone, 2004.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. AshutoshKar, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, New Delhi: New Age International, 2006.

2. Bhattacharjee, S K, Hand Book of Medicinal Plants, Jaipur: Pointer Publishers, 2003.

3. Daniel, M., Methods in Plant Chemistry and Economic Botany, New Delhi: Kalyani publishers, 1991.

 

4. Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia, IDMA RRL Jammu, Edition 2002.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

 

BOT552C - ECONOMIC BOTANY AND PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper deals with the importance of plants and its commercialization for the benefit of mankind in various ways. The different units in the paper deals with origin, imoortance, domestication and conservation of cultivated plants. The paper also deals with plant quaratine, utilization of plants in different sources as Cereals and Millets, Pulses and Legumes, Sources of Sugars and Starches, Spices, Beverages, Oil seeds fats and Essential oils, Aromatic Plants, Drug-yielding and Medicinal plants, Timber plants. The paper also deals with the importance of algae and seaweeds in various aspects.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the taxonomic diversity and important families of useful plants

CO2: Apply the skill in the micro-chemical analysis and quantification

CO3: Analyze the plants & plant products encountered in everyday life

CO4: Apply the wealth of medicinal plants, their phytochemicals, uses and cultivation aspects and also the economics of cultivation

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
ECONOMIC BOTANY AND PLANT RESOURCE UTILIZATION LAB
 

1.   Cereals: Wheat (habit sketch, L. S/T.S. grain, starch grains, micro-chemical tests) Rice (habit sketch, study of paddy and grain, starch grains, micro-chemical tests).

2.   Legumes: Soybean, Groundnut, (habit, fruit, seed structure, micro-chemical tests).

3.  Sources of sugars and starches: Sugarcane (habit sketch; cane juice- micro-chemical tests), Potato (habit sketch, tuber morphology, T.S. tuber to show localization of starch grains, w.m. starch grains, micro- chemical tests).

4.   Spices: Black pepper, Fennel, Curcuma and Clove (habit and sections), Identification and estimation of

major phytochemicals.

5.   Beverages: Tea (plant specimen, tea leaves), Coffee (plant specimen, beans), adulterants

6.   Sources of oils and fats: Coconut- T.S. nut, Mustard–plant specimen, seeds; tests for fats in crushed seeds.

7.   Essential oil-yielding plants: Habit sketch of Rosa, Santalum and Cymbopogon spp., Mint, Eucalyptus

(specimens/photographs).

8.   Rubber: specimen, photograph/model of tapping, samples of rubber products, quantification of rubber content.

9.   Drug-yielding plants: Specimens of Ashwagandha, Artemisia, Kalmegh, Phyllanthus, Satavar, Gilloi,

Papaver.

10.  Tobacco: specimen and products of Tobacco.

11.   Woods: Tectona: Specimen, Section of young stem.

12. Fiber-yielding plants: Cotton (specimen, whole mount of seed to show lint and fuzz; whole mount of fiber and test for cellulose), Jute (specimen, transverse section of stem, test for lignin on transverse section of stem and fiber).

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Chrispeels, M.J. and Sadava, D.E. (1994) Plants, Genes and Agriculture. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.

2. CSIR- Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow (2016). Aush Gyanya: Handbook of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant Cultivation.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Kochhar, S.L. (2016). Economic Botany: A Comprehensive Study. 5th Edition. Cambridge

4. Samba Murty, AVSS and Subrahmanyam, N.S. (1989). a text book of Economic Botany. Wiley Eastern Ltd., New Delhi

5. Sambamurty, AVSS and Subrahmanyam, N.S. (2008). A Textbook of Modern Economic Botany. 1st Edition, Paperback. CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd.; 1st edition (4 September 2008)

6. Wickens, G.E. (2001). Economic Botany: Principles & Practices. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.

7. Any local/state/regional flora published by BSI or any other agency.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY541A - IMMUNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper will examine cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system. Topics include immunogenetics and molecular structure of immunoglobulins, T cell & B cell development, MHC antigens, modern vaccines, functions and dysfunctions of the components of the immune system; applications of immunological technologies in modern scientific research and development.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:7
Introduction to Immunology
 

History of Immunology, Innate Immune Immunity and its role in protection, cellular and humoral Immunity physiological barriers, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers. Adaptive Immunity – naturally and artificially acquired immunity.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Cells and Organs of Immune System
 

Humoral and cellular component of the Immune system, Role of different blood cells in immune system(B cell, T cell, NK, Macrophage, neutrophils, Basophils and eosinophils), primary lymphoid organs- thymus, nude mice, bone marrow, secondary lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph node, MALT.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
Antigens and Antibodies
 

Antigenicity and Immunogenicity, epitopes of B Cells and T Cells, Haptens, antigenic drift and shift, Elucidation of antibody structure, variable regions, constant regions, Heavy chains light regions, classification and functions of antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM, IgD, I,gE). Functions of different antibodies, generation of antibody diversity, Monoclonal antibodies-hybridoma technology.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:7
Antigen-Antibody Interaction
 

Affinity and avidity, Factors influencing antigen-antibody reactions, precipitation reactions- radial immunodiffusion, double immunodiffusion, Agglutination- heamagglutination, agglutination inhibition, rocket electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay, ELISA- indirect, sandwich, competitive ELISA , immunofluorescent techniques.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:6
Antigen Processing and Presentation
 

MHC molecules and organization of their genes, Structure and function of MHC types. Antigen processing, role of MHC in antigen presentation

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Complement System
 

History and Definition of complement proteins, functions of complement system, Classical pathway, Alternate pathway, Mannan binding lectin pathway.

Text Books And Reference Books:

 

1) I. Roitt, Essential Immunology, 10th ed. USA: Blackwell Company Ltd, 2001.

2) H. F. Khan, The elements of Immunology, India: Pearson Education, 2009.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) T. J. Kindt, B. A. Osborne and R. A. Goldsby, Kuby Immunology, 6th ed. USA: W.H. Freeman & Company, 2007.

2) W. Luttman, Immunology, 2nd ed. USA: Academic press, 2006.

3) D. Male, Immunology, 7th ed. USA: Mosby Elsevier, 2006. W. E. Paul, Fundamental Immunology, 7th ed. USA: Lippincott’s William & Wilkins, 2012.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BTY541B - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper explains the concepts of animal cell and plant tissue culturing. The course objective is to “learn by doing”. The plant biotechnology chapters will examine the scientific and technical advances which underlie the production of genetically modified crops.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Introduction and in vitro Culture Conditions
 

Totipotency of Plant cells, history of plant tissue culture. Nutrient media components- major and minor nutrients and their role in plant growth and deficiency symptoms organic nutrients, vitamins and plant growth regulators (Auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins), Aseptic techniques- sterilization & disinfection, Z value , D value , Thermal death point, Sterilization of media, explant preparation, surface sterilizing agents.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
In vitro Culture Techniques
 

In vitro fertilization, haploid culture- Culture of Ovary and ovule, Factors affecting in vitro pollination, applications of in vitro fertilization. Organ culture, Anther culture- technique of androgenesis, factors influencing anther culture, haploids from isolated microspore, application of haploids in plant breeding. Embryo Culture- nutritional requirements, applications. Endosperm culture -triploid production- source material, nutrient media, uses. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, applications in plant improvement. Protoplast culture - isolation of protoplast- mechanical and enzymatic methods, viability of protoplast, culture of protoplasts, regeneration, screening, protoplast fusion- PEG mediated and electrofusion, applications and examples of somatic hybrids and cybrids.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
Suspension Culture and Secondary Metabolite Production
 

Isolation of single cell from organs (mechanical method, enzymatic method), subculturing of suspension cultures, types of suspension culture, culture medium for cell suspensions, synchronisation of Suspension Cultures, growth and viability of cultured cells (reduction of Tetrazolium salts, Fluoresence Diacetate method, Evan’s Blue Method). Single cell propagation techniques - Filter paper raft nurse technique, Bergmann technique, Microchamber technique. Secondary metabolites- Introduction, types with examples, Mass Production of Plant secondary metabolites using suspension culture and immobilized plant cells, strategies to improve production, production of shikonin and capsaicin and their uses.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Applications of Plant Tissue Culture
 

Clonal Propagation of elite species- orchids, anthurium etc, advantages and limitations. Obtaining virus free plants by meristem tip culture, other methods of virus elimination- thermotherapy, cryotherapy and chemotherapy, Virus indexing- Sap Transmission Test, Serology, Artificial seeds – preparation techniques, applications. Somaclonal variation – molecular basis, selection of somaclonal variants, application in plant breeding in getting improved varieties.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
Genetic Engineering in Plants
 

Gene construction, vectors for transgenic plants-Plasmid vectors, Plant virus vectors, Transformation Techniques- Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer – Ti plasmid and Ri plasmid, T-DNA structure, genes, Opines- types and function, vir genes, role in T-DNA transfer, Cointegrate and Binary vector strategy, Coculture and in planta transformation, Direct method – gene gun, Integration of transgene, Selectable markers, reporter genes - gus, lux gfp, promoters – inducible and tissue specific, Gene silencing – types and significance.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Transgenic Crops
 

Herbicide tolerance- Glyphosate resistant plants, Insect resistance- Bt brinjal production - cry genes and mechanism of action, and Disease resistance- bacterial and viral resistance, Improved nutrient quality (golden rice, high iron rice).

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) M. K. Razdan, Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, 2nd ed, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd., 2010.

2) B. D. Singh, Plant Biotechnology and Industrial Biotechnology, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2005.

3) T. Attwood and P. Smith. Introduction to Bioinformatics, USA: Pearson Education, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) S. B. Primrose and R. Twyman R. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics. USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2013.

2) U. Satyanarayana, Biotechnology, Kolkota: Books and Allied (P) Ltd., 2005.

3) S. S. Purohit, Plant Tissue Culture. Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2008.

4)  W. Taylor and D. Higgins. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks: A Practical Approach, Oxford, 2000.

5) S. Mahesh. Plant Molecular Biotechnology, New Delhi: New Age Science, 2009.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BTY542A - BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper provides technical information on fermenter designing and kinetics involved in the fermentation processes.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:3
Introduction to Bioprocess Engineering
 

Definition of a Bioprocess, overview of bioprocesses with their various components. Bioprocess operation & their global impact.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Types of Fermentation
 

Fermentation process- inoculum build up, pre-fermentation, product fermentation. Solid state fermentation, Solid substrate, submerged, Aerobic, Anaerobic, batch, fed-batch, semi-continuous, continuous, Fermentation based on type of product formation- type I, II, III.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
Bioreactor
 

Types of Bioreactors- conventional- stirred tank reactors, airlift, bubble up fluidized bed, packed bed, tower reactors, drum reactors, photobioreactors; Components of the fermenters, types of impellers, aeration, temperature regulation, pH monitoring, antifoaming agents.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Media for Industrial Fermentation
 

Types of media, synthetic and crude media, Enrichment media, Selective media, Media formulation, Constituents of media, Principles of Media Sterilization, Batch & Continuous sterilization techniques, Air sterilization.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:4
Culture Management
 

Isolation of microbes, culture collection, Need for strain development, Methods of strain development (mutation, selection of mutants, selective isolation of mutants- genetic recombination), preservation of microbes.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
Down Stream Processing
 

Solid-liquid separation (Flocculation, Filtration, Centrifugation), Cell disruption (Physical, chemical and enzymatic), Extraction, Precipitation, Distillation, Evaporation, Chromatographic separation, Adsorption, Concentration, formulation- Lyophilisation, spray drying.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) U. Sathyanarayana. Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkota: 2008.

2) S.N. Jogdand. Environmental Biotechnology. 3rd ed, India: Himalaya Publication House, 2001.

3) B.D. Singh. Biotechnology. 2nd ed, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) P. F. Stanbury. A. Whitaker and S.J. Hall. Principles of Fermentation Technology. 2nd ed, Edinburgh: Butterworth Heinemann Press, 2003

2) M. D. Pauline. Bioprocess Engineering Principles. 2nd ed, London: Academic Press, 2000.

3) Zhong, Jian-Jiang. Biomanufacturing. New York: Springer-Verlag Heidelberg, 2004.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BTY542B - FOOD SCIENCE (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper imparts knowledge of understanding food composition and its physicochemical, nutritional, microbiological and sensory aspects.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:6
Introduction and Food constituents.
 

Food as a source of energy, Energy requirement in human body, Dietary requirements for different age group, sources, Food health and disease.

Carbohydrates: Classification (mono, oligo and polysaccharides), Structure of important polysaccharides (starch, glycogen, cellulose, pectin, hemicellulose, gums) Chemical reactions of carbohydrates –oxidation, reduction, with acid & alkaki, Browning reactions: Enzymatic browning, Non – Enzymatic browning, Maillard reaction, Caramelization reaction, Ascorbic acid oxidation.

Fats: Classification of lipids, Physical properties-melting point, softening point, specific gravity, refractive index, smoke, flash and fire point, turbidity point, Chemical properties-reichert meissl value/Polenske value, iodine value, peroxide value, saponification value. Effect of frying on fats

Changes in fats and oils- rancidity, lipolysis, flavor reversion, Auto-oxidation and its prevention Biological role and uses of lipids, Dietary sources, Fatty acids in foods and their health implications.

Proteins: Protein classification and structure, Nature of food proteins (plant and animal proteins), Properties of proteins (electrophoresis, sedimentation, amphoterism and denaturation) Functional properties of proteins eg. organoleptic, solubility, viscosity ,binding, gelation / texturization , emulsification , foaming. Classification, structure and functions, Role of proteins and requirements, Protein sources.

Balanced Diet: Energy and nutrient requirements, Public health and policies, Calculation of daily requirements (energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates), Food pyramid, Analysis of diets.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Compositional, Nutritional and Technological aspects of foods
 

Cereals and Millets: Structure and composition of cereals, Wheat- structure and composition, types (hard, soft/ strong, weak) Diagrammatic representation of longitudinal structure of wheat grain, Malting, gelatinization of starch. Rice- structure and composition, parboiling of rice -Gelatination. Retrogradation, factors Influencing advantages and disadvantages. Ragi

Flesh Foods - Meat, Fish, and Poultry: Meat - Definition of carcass, concept of red meat and white meat, composition of meat, artificial meat omega-3-chicken, marbling, post-mortem changes in meat- Algor, livor, rigor mortis, tenderization of meat, and ageing of meat.

Fish - Classification of fish (fresh water and marine), aquaculture , composition of fish, characteristics of fresh fish, spoilage of fish- microbiological, physiological, biochemical.

Poultry - Structure of hen’s egg, composition and nutritive value, egg proteins, Characteristics of fresh egg, deterioration of egg quality

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Microbial growth in foods
 

Physical factors: pH, temperature, oxygen concentration, moisture, hydrostatic pressure, osmotic pressure, and radiation,

Biochemical and nutritional factors: availability of carbon, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, trace elements

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:4
Beneficial microbes
 

Lactic acid bacteria in milk, acetic bacteria on fruits and vegetables), Application of beneficial microorganisms in food production (examples: cheese, yogurt, pickles, beer, vinegar).

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:4
Food spoilers
 

Definition, Factors influencing food spoilage (Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors)

Focus on moulds (examples: Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium), Focus on bacteria (examples: Clostridium perfingens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Brochotrix thermosphacta),

Spoilers in food like meat, poultry, sea foods, vegetables, dairy products, fruits, cereal and bakery products, eggs.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
Food borne illness
 

Food borne diseases: infection and intoxication, Common sources for food borne illness-unpasteurised milk, raw and undercooked meat, improperly canned foods.

Examples of pathogenic micro-organisms: Incubation period, Symptoms, risk factors, Complications, diagnosis and treatment.

Virus: Norovirus and hepatitis A,

Parasites: Giardia lamblia

Bacteria: Campylobacter, Vibrio, Listeria monocytogenes

Fungi: Aspergilus

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. J..M. Jay, D.A.Loessner, J. Martin, Essentials of Food Microbiology, London: Arnold, 2005

2. Frazier, W.C, Food Microbiology, Mc Graw Hill Inc. 4th Edition, 2007

3. P.J. Fellows, Food processing technology, 4th ed. Woodhead publishing,2017

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. N. Krieg, E.C.S. Chan, M.J.Pelczar, Modern Food Microbiology, 7th ed. Springer, 2004

2. D.A. Klein, J.P. Harley, L.M. Prescott, Microbiology, 6th ed. Brown publishers, 2008

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BTY551A - IMMUNOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper introduces the students to analyze and quantify antigen and antibodies by using different immunotechniques such as agglutination test, Ouchterlony Double diffusion method, Radial immunodiffusion, ELISA and Rocket electrophoresis.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Name of the experiment
 

1) Determination of Blood group

2) Total count of RBC & WBC using Haemocytometer

3) Differential Count of WBC

4) Widal test

5) VDRL Test

6) Dot ELISA

7) Ouchterlony Double Diffusion

8) Radial Immunodiffusion

9) Immunoblotting technique

10) Separation of serum from blood & precipitation of Immunoglobulin

11) Estimation of the Immunoglobulin by Bradford protein assay

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) F. C. Hay, M. R. Olwyn, P. N. Westwood and N. L. Hudson, Practical Immunology, 4th ed. UK: Blackwell Company Ltd, 2002.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) G. P. Talwar, Hand Book of Practical and Clinical Immunology, 2nd ed. Vol. II, New Delhi: CBS Publishers and Distributors, 2009.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY551B - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper trains the students in various aspects of tissue culture- selection of explants, media preparation, sterilization, inoculation, sub culturing and acclimatization.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Name of the experiment
 

1) Plant tissue culture lab designing, sterilization techniques

2) Preparation of medium-Murashige and Skoog medium, Gamborg’s medium Nitsch’s medium

3) Production and maintenance of Callus culture

4) Multiple shoot initiation

5) Production ofvirus free plants

6) Production of haploids

7) Protoplast isolation by enzymatic method

8) Preparation of Artificial seeds

9) Establishment of Callus suspension culture & monitoring the growth by dry weight method

10) DNA and protein homology by BLAST

11) Protein structure studies by RASMOL

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) C. C. Giri. Plant Biotechnology - Practical Manual, Bengaluru: I.K. International Pvt. Ltd, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) S. Rajan S and R. Christy, Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences, Chennai: Anjanaa Book House, 2010.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY552A - BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper deals with the basics and applied aspects of the fermentation process along with various quantitative methods for detection of fermentation products.

Learning Outcome

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Name of the experiment
 

1) Determination of microbial growth by turbidimetric method

2) Production of primary and secondary metabolite (organic acid)

3) Estimation of the fermentation products by titration method

4) Solid state Fermentation

5) Production of beverage

6) Immobilization of microbial cells and assay for its activity

7) Isolation and assay for specific activity amylase from Aspergillus niger

8) Qualitative test for milk –(Dye reduction test & Estimation of Lactic acid)

9) Production of Protease enzyme from microbes

10) Visit to research institute or industry

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) Rajan S and Christy R S. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences, India: Anjanaa Book House, Chennai, 2010.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) S. Sadasivam and A. Manickam. Biochemical Methods. 3rd ed. India: New age International Publisher, 2008.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BTY552B - FOOD SCIENCE LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper imparts knowledge on the basic practises and tests followed in the food science laboratory.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Describe various methods of industrial processing and preservation techniques of foods.

CO2: Demonstrate the role of microorganisms in food industries both in beneficial and harmful ways.

CO3: Identify the need for food safety, food quality, food plant sanitation, food laws and regulations.

CO4: Inspect the presence of adulterants in food.

CO5: Predict the nutritive value of food.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Name of the experiment
 

1. Isolation of casein from milk and to estimate the yield

2. Isolation of pectin from different fruits and estimate the yield

3. Estimation of gluten content in flour.

4. Estimation of saponification value and iodine value.

5. Estimation of reducing and non-reducing sugar in food.

6. Determination of smoke point and percentage of fat absorption for different fat and oils.

7. Isolation as estimation of carotenoids in vegetables.

8. Determination of lycopene in fruit/vegetable

9. Estimation of crude fibre/dietary fibre content in cereals and their products

10. Estimation of anthocyanins in food sample

11. Isolation of capsaicin from vegetable source.

12. Production of Baker’s yeast and check its activity

13. Preparation of tofu (fermented product).

14. Preparation of wine.

15. Quality test for milk by MBRT/titration.

16. Estimation of polyphenols

17. Test for the detection of adulterants in food.

18. Industrial Visit.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1) K.L. Garg, K.L. Mukerji, N. Garg, Laboratory Manual for food Microbiology, I.K. International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 2010

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1) L. A Mclandsborough, Food Microbiology Laboratory, CRC Press,2005

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

CHE531 - CHEMISTRY V-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:03

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description:

This course includes important physical topics that describe the influence of electricity and electromagnetic radiation on matter.  Ionic equilibria and Electrochemistry relate to the formation of ions and their ability to migrate under the influence of electricity.   Spectroscopy and Photochemistry are the topics that discuss the interaction of radiation with matter and are the foundation for many analytical techniques today. 

 

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Explain the concepts of ionic equilibria, electrochemistry, spectroscopy, and photochemistry

CO2: Interpret the spectroscopic responses of organic and inorganic molecules.

CO3: Solve problems based on ionic equilibria, electrochemistry, and photochemistry.

CO4: Discuss the kinetics of photochemical reactions.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
1. Ionic Equilibria
 

Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect. Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions, mechanism of buffer action and preparation of buffers.  Henderson equation and calculation of pH of a buffer. Solubility and solubility product of sparingly soluble salts – applications of solubility product principle. Ionic product, common ion effect and solubility product in qualitative analysis.Conditions for precipitation. 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
2. Electrochemistry I
 

Prelearning topics: Conductivity, equivalent and molar conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes.

 Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Transference number and its experimental determination using Moving boundary methods. Ionic mobility. Applications of conductance measurements: determination of degree of ionization of weak electrolyte, solubility and solubility products of sparingly soluble salts, ionic product of water, hydrolysis constant of a salt using conductivity studies. Conductometric titrations* (only acid-base-four types).Numericals based on above topics.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:8
3. Electrochemistry II
 

Prelearning topics: Electrode potential, Standard electrode potential, electrochemical series, types of electrodes.

 Reversible and irreversible cells. Concept of EMF of a cell. Measurement of EMF of a cell. Nernst equation and its importance. Thermodynamics of a reversible cell, calculation of thermodynamic properties: ΔG, ΔH and ΔS from EMF data. Calculation of equilibrium constant from EMF data. Concentration cells with transference and without transference. Liquid junction potential and salt bridge. pH determination using hydrogen electrode, quinhydrone electrode and glass electrode. Potentiometric titrations-qualitative treatment (acid-base and oxidation-reduction only).

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:18
4. Molecular Spectroscopy
 

Pre learning: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave nature of electromagnetic radiation. Wavelength, Frequency, wavenumber, relation between them.

Origin of molecular spectra : Study of rotation, vibration spectra of diatomic molecules. Born-Oppenheimer approximation. Degrees of freedom.            Rotational spectroscopy : Expression for rotational energy. Evaluation of internuclear distance from moment of inertia- problems. Criterion for absorption of radiation - selection rule. Application of microwave spectroscopy.

Vibrational Spectroscopy : Expression for potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator–Hooke’s law. Expression for vibrational energy. Zero point energy. Concept of force constant-its evaluation-problems. Degrees of freedom-modes of vibration for CO2 and H2O molecules. Vibration - rotation spectra PQR bands.

Raman Spectroscopy : Concept of Polarisability. Raman spectra-qualitative study. Stokes and anti-Stokes lines-selection rules. Advantages of Raman spectroscopy over IR spectroscopy.

Electronic spectroscopy: Potential energy curves for bonding and antibonding orbitals. Electronic transitions, qualitative description of σ, Π and non-bonding orbitals and transitions between them. Selection rules and Franck-Condon principle.

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy: NMR spectroscopy (Only principles to be discussed). ESR spectroscopy, NQR spectroscopy and Mossbaur spectroscopy. (Mention only) 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:6
5. Photochemistry
 

Consequences of light absorption: The Jablonski Diagram, Laws of photochemistry: Grotthuss-Draper law, Stark-Einstein law, Differences between photophysical and photochemical processes with examples. Comparison of photochemical and thermal reactions. 

Kinetics of photochemical reactions: (1) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Chlorine reaction (2) Kinetics of Hydrogen-Bromine reaction (4) Kinetics of dimerisation of anthracene.

Photosensitization, photostationary equilibrium. Singlet and triplet states-Fluorescence, Phosphorescence, Luminescence, Bioluminescence, chemical sensors.Beer-Lambert’s law: Absorption coefficient and molar extinction coefficient. Applications.Laser, classification and uses. Numericals based on relevant topics

Text Books And Reference Books:

 

 B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Barrow, G.M. Physical Chemistry Tata McGraw‐Hill (2007).

2. Castellan, G.W. Physical Chemistry 4th Ed. Narosa (2004).

3. P. W Atkins, Physical chemistry, 8th ed., Oxford University Press, 2006.

4. G. M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5th ed., Tata-Mc Graw Hill, 2006.

5. Glasstone Samuel,Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

6. F Daniels and F.A Alberty. Physical Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley, 1996.

7. C. N. Banwell and E.M. Mccash, Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy, TMH  Edition, 2012.

 8. B R Puri, L R Sharma and M.S. Patania., Principles of Physical Chemistry. Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar. 2011.

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE541A - CHEMISTRY VA-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:03

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description: This course deals with various topics of determining reaction mechanisms, spectroscopy, the chemistry of soaps, detergents and dyes. This course on stereochemistry intends to make the students understand different concepts of conformational analysis and optical isomerism.

Learning Outcome

CO1: CO1-Illustrate the stereochemistry of organic molecules, the chemistry of soaps, detergents and dyes.

CO2: CO2-Explain the concepts related to research methodologies and research publications.

CO3: CO3-Analyse the organic compounds using spectroscopic techniques.

CO4: CO4- Interpret the reaction mechanisms.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:11
1. Stereochemistry
 

Conformational analysis with respect to ethane, propane, butane, and cyclohexane. Interconversion of Wedge Formula, Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer representations. Difference between configuration and conformation.

Concept of isomerism, *types of isomerism, optical isomerism, elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, enantiomers, stereogenic centers, optical activity, properties of enantiomers, chiral and achiral molecules with two stereogenic centers, distereoisomers, mesocompounds, resolution of enantiomers, racemization. Optical activity in compounds not containing asymmetric Carbon- biphenyls, allenes.

 

Relative and absolute configurations, sequence rules, D & L, R & S systems of assigning configuration. Geometrical isomerism; Nomenclature by E and Z system.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:11
2. Structure Elucidation of organic molecules Using Spectral Data
 

Application of spectral techniques in the structural elucidation of organic compounds. UV-Vis: λmax calculation for dienes and α,β unsaturated carbonyl compounds - UV spectra of butadiene, acetone, methyl vinyl ketone and benzene.

IR: Concept of group frequencies - IR spectra of alcohols, phenols, amines, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides.

1H NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance.chemical shift (δ values), uses of TMS as reference. Nuclear shielding and deshielding effects.Equivalent and non-equivalent protons.Effect of electronegativity of adjacent atoms on chemical shift values.Spin-spin splitting and spin-spin coupling (qualitative treatment only). Applications of NMR spectroscopy including identification of simple organic molecules. Examples: Shielding and deshielding effects for (i) methane (ii) CH3−Cl (iii) CH2Cl2 (iv) CHCl3. Spin-spin coupling in (i) Cl2CHCHO (ii) 1,1,2-trichloroethane (iii) CH3CH2Cl.

Mass Spectrometry: Introduction. EI ionisation. Determination of molecular mass by MS (elementary idea only – fragmentation study not required).

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
3. Methods of Proposing Reaction Mechanism
 

Guidelines for proposing a reasonable mechanism, product studies, bonds broken and formed, inter and intramolecular migration of groups, crossover experiments, exchange with solvents, importance of byproducts, reactive intermediates, energetics, importance of activation parameters. Isotopic substitution in a molecule, primary and secondary kinetic isotope effects - their importance in mechanistic studies. 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:6
4.Dyes
 

Theories of colour and chemical constitution. Classification of dyes – according to chemical constitution and method of application. Natural and synthetic dyes. Synthesis and applications of: Azo dyes – Methyl orange; Triphenyl methane dyes - Malachite green and Rosaniline; Edible dyes (Food colours) with examples.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:5
5.Soaps and Detergents
 

Soaps – Introduction. Types of soaps - Toilet soaps, washing soaps. Liquid soap. TFM and grades of soaps. Bathing bars. Cleansing action of soap. Detergents - Introduction. Types of detergents - anionic, cationic, non-ionic and amphoteric detergents. Common detergent additives. Enzymes used in commercial detergents. Comparison between soaps and detergents. Environmental aspects.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
6. Research Methodology
 

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. I, CBS Publications & Distributors

     1st Edition 2010.                                              

[2] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. II, CBS Publications & Distributors 1st Edition 2012.

[3] Bhat, S., Nagasampagi B., Sivakumar M., Chemistry of natural productsNarosa Publishing House New Delhi 2005.

[4] Ahluwalia, V. K. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi, 2016.

[5]Bahl, A. & Bahl, B.S. Advanced Organic Chemistry, S. Chand, 2010.

 

[6]B. Mehta, M. Mehta, Organic Chemistry, PHI Learning Private Limited, 2017.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1]   S.M. Mukherji, S. P. Singh, and R. P. Kapoor.Organic Chemistry. 3rd, 12th Reprint, New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd. Publishers, 2009.

[2]   I. L Finar, Organic Chemistry Vol. II, 5thed. New Delhi: ELBS and Longman Ltd., reprint 2008.

[3]   Jain and Sharma Modern Organic Chemistry 3rd edition, Vishal Publishing Company, 2009.

[4]   R. T Morrison, and R. N. Boyd.Organic Chemistry. 7thed. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India (P) Ltd., 2010.

[5]    Katritzky, A. R. Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd addition, 2010.[6]   Agrawal, O. P. Chemistry of Natural products vol I & II, 41st addition, 2014.

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE541B - CHEMISTRY VB-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course will introduce the students to concepts and applications of bioinorganic chemistry, nanomaterials, organometallic chemistry, industrial catalysis, inorganic polymers, metal clusters, sustainability, and climate change.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Explain concepts of bioinorganic chemistry

CO2: Predict the bonding and structure of organometallic compounds.

CO3: Perceive the concept of nuclear chemistry and acid-bases.

CO4: Illustrate the concepts of sustainability, climate change and research methodology.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:10
Bioinorganic Chemistry
 

Metal ions in biological systems,  Ion transport, Mechanism of action of sodium potassium pump.  Oxygen transport systems- Metalloporphyrins - Haemoglobin and myoglobin, pH of blood,.

Metal storage and transport – ferritin and transferrin, Electron transfer proteins-cytochromes, 

Chlorophyll and photosynthesis (mechanism not expected), Metalloproteins as enzymes – Carbonic anhydrase, Carboxy peptidase, cytochrome P 450, alcohol dehydrogenase,.  

Toxicity of metal ions-Pb, Hg and As. Anticancer drugs: Cis-platin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin – Structure and significance.  

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:9
Organometallic Compounds
 

Ligands, classification, hapticity. 

Eighteen electron rule for organometallic com complexes, Synthesis and structure and bonding (VBT only) a) K [PtCl3(-C2H4)] ,  [Fe(-C6H5)2] , [Cr(-C6H5)2], [W (CH3)6].  b) Metal carbonyls:- Ni(CO)4 , Fe(CO)5 , Cr(CO)6 , Co2(CO)8, Mn2(CO)10, Ferrocene 

Catalysis by  organometallic compounds-Unique properties of Organo Aluminium compounds. Zeigler Natta catalyst in the polymerization of alkene, Wilkinson catalyst in the hydrogenation of alkene, Wacker process, Monsanto acetic acid process. (mechanism not expected). 

 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Acids and Bases
 

Prelearning: Concept of acidity and basicity. Arrheinus concept, Lewis concept

Lowry – Bronsted concept of acids and bases. relative strengths of acid base pairs, Lux Flood concept,  Solvent system concept, Limitations, relative strength of acids and bases. explanation of levelling effect on the basis of solvent system concept.

Hard and soft acids and bases- Pearson concept, application of HSAB principles – Stability of compounds / complexes, predicting the feasibility of a reaction

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:8
Nuclear Chemistry
 

Pre learning: N/P ratio, curves, stability belts.  Nuclear binding energy. Mass defect, simple calculations involving mass defect and B.E per nucleon, half-life.

Nuclear fission-Liquid drop model, Modes of release of fission energy

nuclear reactors - Thermal and fast breeder breeder reactors, Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear reactors, 

Nuclear fusion- thermonuclear reaction-energy source of the sun and stars.  

Radioactive tracers- use of radio isotopes in tracer technique, agriculture, medicine, food preservation and Carbon dating

Artificial radioactivity, Induced radioactivity, Q value of nuclear reactions -Numerical problems.

Atomic energy programme in India. **Case studies on Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear disaster.

 

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:8
Sustainability and climate change
 

Introduction, definition of sustainability in different context, environmental sustainability renewable sources of energy

Hazard Mitigation: Identification of hazard prone belts, hazard zonation and risk assessment; risk reduction in vulnerable areas, developing warning systems, forecasting, emergency preparedness, education and training activities, planning for rescue and relief work.

Disaster management: Industrial disasters: definition of   disaster management; components of disaster management cycle- crisis management & risk management. Crisis management-quick response & relief, recovery, development. Risk management- risk identification & risk reduction-preparedness, prevention and mitigation.

Climate Change: Anthropogenic–based climate change, Global Warming, Carbon Dioxide, Polar Ice Caps, ozone layer depletion, impact on biodiversity, Biofuels, Solar Power, case studies on climate change.

 

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
Research Methodology
 

Introduction – meaning of research. Types of research, research methods vs methodology. Scientific method of conducting research. Review of literature. Selecting and defining a problem. Science journals.  Impact factor, citation and citation index. Indexing agencies (Scopus, Web of Science), Research proposals

Text Books And Reference Books:
  1. M.A. Shah and Tokeer Ahmad, Principles of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2010.
  2. V.K. Ahluwaliya, Green Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2011.
  3. P.S. Kalsi and J.P. Kalsi, Bioorganic, Bioinorganic and Supramolecular Chemistry, 1st Edition, New Age International Publishers (P) Ltd., New Delhi, 2007.
  4. B.K. Sharma, Industrial chemistry, 11th Edition, Goel publishing House, Meerut, 2000.
  5. S.E. Manahan, Environmental Chemistry, 8th Edition, CRC Press, Florida, 2004.
  6. G.M. Masters, Introduction to Environmental Engineering and Science, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall Inc., New Delhi, 2007.
  7. A.K. Ahluwalia, Environmental Chemistry, Ane Books India, New Delhi, 2008.
  8. B.K. Sharma and H. Kaur, Environmental Chemistry, Goel Publishing House, Meerut, 1996.
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
  1. B.L. Oser, Hawk's Physiological Chemistry, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1979. 
  2. L.G. Wade Jr., Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition, Pearson Education, New Delhi, 2013. 
  3. P. Powell, Principles of Organometallic Compounds, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London, 1988 
  4. Gary L. Miessler, Paul J. Fischer and Donald A. Tarr, Inorganic Chemistry, 5th Edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 2013. 
  5. Gurudeep Raj, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol-I, 33rd Edition, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut, 2014. 
  6. Gurudeep Raj, Advanced Inorganic Chemistry Vol-II, 31st Edition, Krishna Prakashan Media (P) Ltd., Meerut, 2008. 
  7. Asim K Das, Inorganic Chemistry, Volume 3, CBS, 2nd edition, 2010

 

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE551 - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS V-PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:02

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

 

Course Description:This course introduces the students to various experiments on electrochemistry, chemical kinetics and thermometry. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Estimate the important parameters pertaining to electrochemistry, ionic equilibria and spectroscopy.

CO2: Evaluate the conductance and potential difference exhibited by the compounds using conductometric and potentiometric methods applying them for various quantitative analysis.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Chemistry Practicals V -Physical Chemistry
 

Level of knowledge: Conceptual/Analytical

1.      Determination of the equivalent conductivity of 0.1 N NaCl

2.      Determination of the dissociation constant of monochloracetic acid by conductivity method

3.      Determination of the distribution coefficient of benzoic acid between water and toluene.

4.      Determination of the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt (AgCl)  by conductivity method.

5.      Determination of the percentage of NaCl by miscibility temperature method. 

6.      Determination of Cu in aluminum and zinc based alloys using flame photometer.

7.      Determination of potassium using flame photometer.

8.      Determination of transition temperature of a salt hydrate by thermometric method

9.      Determination of equivalent conductance, degree of dissociation and dissociation

constant of a weak acid.

11. Conductometric titration:

i)Strong acid vs. strong base

      ii)Mixture of strong acid and weak acid vs. strong base.

ii)Weak acid vs. strong base

12. Potentiometry

a) Strong acid vs. strong base

b) Weak acid vs. strong base

c) Potassium dichromate vs. Mohr's salt

13. Ionic equilibria and pH measurements

a) Preparation of buffer solutions, determination of pH and comparison of the values with theoretical values.

(i) Sodium acetate-acetic acid

(ii) Ammonium chloride-ammonium hydroxide

b) Measurement of pH of different solutions like aerated drinks, fruit juices, shampoos and soaps (use dilute solutions of soaps and shampoos to prevent damage to the glass electrode) using pH-meter.

14. Adsorption study

a.      Verification of Lanmuir adsorption isotherm

 

b.      Verification of Frendlich adsorption isotherm

Text Books And Reference Books:

 [1] Shoemaker and Garland Experiments in physical chemistry McGraw Hill International  8thedn., 2008.

 

[2] J.B. Yadav, Advanced practical chemistry by Krishna prakashan media (p) ltd,,29th ed. Meerut, 2010.  

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1]F Daniels and F.A Alberty. Physical Chemistry. 4th ed. Wiley, 1996.

[2 P.W Atkins, Physical chemistry,8th  ed., Oxford University Press, 2006 

[3] G.M. Barrow Physical chemistry, 5th ed.,tata, Mc Graw Hill,2006

[4] Glasstone Samuel, Textbook of Physical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Mcmillan, 2007.

[5] B.R. Puri, L.R. Sharma, M.S. Pathania, Principles of Physical ChemistryVishal     Publications, 2012

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

CHE551A - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VA-ORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:02

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Course Description: This course introduces the students to the preparation and purification techniques of organic compounds.  Systematic analysis of organic compounds is also included. It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments. 

Learning Outcome

CO1:: Design organic reactions for various synthetic transformations.

CO2:: Analyse organic compounds quantitatively and interpret spectroscopic characterisation of organic compounds.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Chemistry Practicals VA -Organic Chemistry (Elective)
 

Organic Chemistry

I.  Preparations: Mechanism of various reactions involved to be discussed.

Recrystallisation, determination of melting point and calculation of quantitative yields to be done.

(a) Bromination of Phenol/Aniline

(b) Benzoylation of amines/phenols

(c) Oxime and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone of aldehyde/ketone

II Purification of organic compounds by crystallization (from water and alcohol) and  
distillation.

  Criteria of Purity: Determination of melting and boiling points.

   Detection of  N, S and halogens in organic compounds.

   Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups     (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines) and preparation of one derivative.

 

III. Synthesis and Spectroscopic Analysis

1. Synthesis of benzoic acid from toluene and its spectral analysis.

2. Synthesis of acetanilide from aniline and its spectral analysis.

3. Synthesis of tribromophenol from phenol and its spectral analysis.

 

4. Synthesis of aspirin from salicylic acid and its spectral analysis.

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

 

[2] Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry, Universities Press, 2012.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] Vogel, A.I., Tatchell, A.R., Furnis, B.S., Hannaford, A.J. & Smith, P.W.G., Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, Prentice-Hall, 5th edition, 1996.

 

[2] Ahluwalia, V.K. & Aggarwal, R. Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry, Universities Press, 2012.

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

CHE551B - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VB-INORGANIC CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This practical course consists of experiments that are designed to reinforce the learning of the theory course Novel Inorganic Solids. Experiments are either based on Preparation of materials or estimation of samples.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Explain concepts of bioinorganic chemistry

CO2: Predict the bonding and structure of organometallic compounds.

CO3: Perceive the concept of nuclear chemistry and acid-bases.

CO4: Illustrate the concepts of sustainability, climate change and research methodology.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Inorganic chemistry
 

1.Gravimetric estimation of amount of nickel present in a given solution as bis(dimethylglyoximato) nickel(II)

2. Gravimetric estimation of sulphate as BaSO 4

3. Gravimetric estimation of Ferric ions as ferric oxide

4. Gravimetric estimation of aluminium as oxinate in a given solution

5. Gravimetric estimation of magnesium as magnesium oxinate

6. Colorimetric estimation of ferrous ion using ortho-phenanthroline

7. Colorimetric estimation of copper as cuprammonium sulphate

8. Preparation of borax/ boric acid.

9. Determination of free acidity in ammonium sulphate fertilizer.

10. Estimation of calcium in calcium ammonium nitrate fertilizer.

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1]. Fahlman, B.D. Materials Chemistry, Springer, 2004.

Evaluation Pattern

1. Continuous internal assessment of Practicals ………… 20 Marks

2. Mid-term practical Test ………………………………… 20 Marks

3. Record assessment ……………………………………… 10 Marks

4. End-semester Practical examination ………………….. 50 Marks

(Viva voce – 10 marks

Performing experiment – 40 marks)

TOTAL 100 Marks

BOT641A - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper explains the concepts of animal cell and plant tissue culturing.  The course objective is to “learn by doing”.  The plant biotechnology chapters will examine the scientific and technical advances which underlie the production of genetically modified crops.  The plant biotechnology chapters will examine the scientific and technical advances which underlie the production of genetically modified crops. The course covers plant genome organization and gene expression, genetic manipulation to confer resistance to herbicides, pests and diseases and strategies for engineering stress tolerance and the improvement of crop yield and quality. One of the units is dedicated to Bioinformatics as it is an upcoming field and students need to have an idea about the significance of such tools in understanding genomes.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Plan and formulate plant tissue culture media and sterilize efficiently.

CO2: Design experiments related to plant tissue culture and plant biotechnology.

CO3: Develop creative skills for solving questions related to bloom's taxonomy, presentation in conferences, writing, poster making as well as research

CO4: Practice for competitive and entrance examinations.

CO5: Compare and analyze the DNA and protein sequence data with the available ones in the databases using bioinformatic tool such as BLAST.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Introduction and in vitro Culture Conditions
 

Totipotency of Plant cells, history of plant tissue culture. Nutrient media components- major and minor nutrients and their role in plant growth and deficiency symptoms organic nutrients, vitamins and plant growth regulators (Auxin, cytokinins and gibberellins), Aseptic techniques- sterilization & disinfection, Z value , D value , Thermal death point, Sterilization of media, explant preparation, surface sterilizing agents.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
In vitro Culture Techniques
 

In vitro fertilization, haploid culture- Culture of Ovary and ovule, Factors affecting in vitro pollination, applications of in vitro fertilization. Organ culture, Anther culture- technique of androgenesis, factors influencing anther culture, haploids from isolated microspore, application of haploids in plant breeding. Embryo Culture- nutritional requirements, applications. Endosperm culture -triploid production- source material, nutrient media, uses. Organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis, applications in plant improvement. Protoplast culture - isolation of protoplast- mechanical and enzymatic methods, viability of protoplast, culture of protoplasts, regeneration, screening, protoplast fusion- PEG mediated and electrofusion, applications and examples of somatic hybrids and cybrids.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:7
Suspension Culture and Secondary Metabolite Production
 

Isolation of single cell from organs (mechanical method, enzymatic method), sub culturing of suspension cultures, types of suspension culture, culture medium for cell suspensions, synchronization of Suspension Cultures, growth and viability of cultured cells (reduction of Tetrazolium salts, Fluoresence Diacetate method, Evan’s Blue Method). Single cell propagation techniques - Filter paper raft nurse technique, Bergmann technique, Microchamber technique. Secondary metabolites- Introduction, types with examples, Mass Production of Plant secondary metabolites using suspension culture and immobilized plant cells, strategies to improve production, production of shikonin and capsaicin and their uses.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Applications of Plant Tissue Culture
 

Clonal Propagation of elite species- orchids, anthurium etc, advantages and limitations. Obtaining virus free plants by meristem tip culture, other methods of virus elimination- thermotherapy, cryotherapy and chemotherapy, Virus indexing- Sap Transmission Test, Serology, Artificial seeds – preparation techniques, applications. Somaclonal variation – molecular basis, selection of somaclonal variants, application in plant breeding in getting improved varieties.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
Genetic Engineering in Plants
 

Gene construction, vectors for transgenic plants-Plasmid vectors, Plant virus vectors, Transformation Techniques- Agrobacterium mediated gene transfer – Ti plasmid and Riplasmid, T-DNA structure, genes, Opines- types and function, vir genes, role in T-DNA transfer, Cointegrate and Binary vector strategy, Coculture and in planta transformation,  Direct method – gene gun, Integration of transgene, Selectable markers, reporter genes  -  gus, lux  gfp, promoters – inducible and tissue specific, Gene silencing – types and significance.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Transgenic Crops
 

Herbicide tolerance- Glyphosate resistant plants, Insect resistance- Bt brinjal production - cry genes and mechanism of action, and Disease resistance- bacterial and viral resistance, Improved nutrient quality (golden rice, high iron rice).

Text Books And Reference Books:

M. K. Razdan, Introduction to Plant Tissue Culture, 2nded, New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd., 2010.

B. D. Singh, Plant Biotechnology and Industrial Biotechnology, New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2005.

T. Attwood and P. Smith. Introduction to Bioinformatics, USA: Pearson Education, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

S. B. Primrose and R. Twyman R. Principles of Gene Manipulation and Genomics. USA: John Wiley and Sons, 2013.

U. Satyanarayana, Biotechnology, Kolkota: Books and Allied (P) Ltd., 2005.

S. S. Purohit, Plant Tissue Culture. Jodhpur: Agrobios, 2008.

W. Taylor and D. Higgins. Bioinformatics: Sequence, Structure and Databanks: A    Practical Approach, Oxford, 2000.

S. Mahesh. Plant Molecular Biotechnology, New Delhi: New Age Science, 2009.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester examination – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT641B - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This module aims to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the basic concepts of molecular biology. The structural and functional aspects of basic biomolecules such as DNA, RNA and protein and the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription, translation and gene regulation will be dealt with. Course familiarize the student with the basic concepts in genetic engineering - enzymes, cloning vehicles, gene libraries, analysis and expression of the cloned gene in host cell and understand ethical issues and biosafety regulations. It gives emphasis to practical applications of genetic engineering tools in the field of health care.

Learning Outcome

·         Understand the molecular aspects of understanding the functioning of cell and existence of life

·         Able to correlate the molecular concepts in genetic disorders

·         Familiarize the students with tools and mechanism of gene cloning

·         Will be able to appreciate the application of genetic engineering in various fields

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:14
DNA Structure, Properties and Replication
 

Nucleic Acids:- DNA and RNA as genetic material and the proof (Griffith Experiment, Avery-McCarthy-McCleod Experiment, Hershey Chase Experiment, Biochemical evidences, Experiments using HRV and TMV )Watson and Crick model of DNA (Structure of Bases, Nuceosides and nucleotides, Chargaff Rule, Watson and Crick base pairing Different forms for DNA (A, B and Z), Hypothesis on DNA replication, Proof for Semi conservative model of replication of DNA (Meselson and Stahl Experiment), Prokaryotic DNA Replication Machinery: Gyrase, helicase, DNA polymerases (types, functions, properties) Origin of replication of DNA, Primer, Growing Fork, Mechanism of DNA replication (initiation, elongation (lagging and leading strand synthesis) and termination. Eukaryotic DNA replication – Multiple origins of replication, Enzymes and proteins involved in replication, End replication problem and its solution (Telomere and telomerases and its significance in replication and involvement in cancer and aging).

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Genome Organization
 

Organization of genomes in prokaryotes and eukaryotes- concept of Gene, structure of genes, Monocistronic and polycistronic genes, C value paradox, Transposable elements – classes, transposons in bacteria, maize and drosophila, retrotransposons, LINEs and SINEs, transposons and mutations. 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Gene expression
 

Transcription – initiation (Structure of promoter, initiation factors, mechanism of initiation), elongation (factors and mechanism) and termination (mechanism and types of termination: rho dependent and rho independent), transcription factors and its importance, Post transcriptional modifications of eukaryotic mRNA- polyA tailing, splicing, capping.

Properties of Genetic code and Wobble hypothesis. Mechanism of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes (activation and attachment of amino acid to tRNA, initiation, elongation and termination of polypeptide chain), role of Ribosomes in Protein synthesis, post translational modifications of proteins- (glycosylation, protein folding, acetylation, phosphorylation), polysomes.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:3
Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
 

Operon concept and its advantages, anabolic (trp operon) and catabolic operon (lac operon), Regulation of Gene expression in Eukaryotes -DNA (methylation) and Histone (acetylation) modifications.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:5
DNA Modifying and Restriction Enzymes
 

Introduction to rDNA technology, DNA modifying enzymes and its functions (DNA Polymerases, Klenow fragment, Ligase, S1 Nuclease, Mung Bean nuclease, Alkaline Phosphatase, Terminal Transferase, Polynucleotide kinases, Polynucleotide phosphorylase, Calf intestinal alkaline Phosphatases, Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatases, Reverse Transcriptase, Restriction modification system, Restriction enzymes – function, classification, sticky and blunt end cutters

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
Cloning Vectors
 

Plasmids (Types, copy number, properties, origin of replication and incompatibility group, plasmid amplification), bacteriophages eg. λ (Life cycle, genome organization, feasibility as a cloning vehicle), Types of Cloning Vectors (structure and general features of General Purpose cloning vectors, Expression vectors, shuttle vectors), Examples of cloning vectors (pBR322, pUC series of vectors, λ insertional and replacement vectors), derivatives of phages and plasmids (cosmids, phagemids, phasmids), linker, adaptors, homopolymer tailing, ligation.

Text Books And Reference Books:

B. R. Glick. J. J. Pasternak and C. L. Patten. Molecular Biotechnology: Principles and application of recombinant DNA. 4th ed. Washington D. C: American Society for Microbiology Press, 2010.

S. B. Primrose, R. M. Twyman and R. W. Old, Principles of Gene Manipulation, 6th ed. USA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2001 

K. Wilson and J. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

J. D. Watson, T. A. Baker, S.P. Bell, A. Gann, M. Levine and R. Losick, Molecular biology of gene, 7th ed. USA: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2014.

R. M. J. Cotterill, Biophysics: An Introduction. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT642A - HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. To develop the skills of the students in nursery management and mushroom cultivation.

2. Familiarize with the fundamental principles of nursery management and the future scope

3. To understand the scope and importance of nursery management.

4. Make awareness of techniques involved in mushroom cultivation.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the different horticultural practices for growing of the ornamental plants, and floriculture.

CO2: Analyze the different horticultural practices for growing of fruit and vegetable crops

CO3: Trained to overcome problems faced while trying to introduce different species of the mentioned crops.

CO4: Apply post-harvest technology to preserve and process fruits and vegetables.

CO5: Evaluate various aspects to control the disease management of various crop species and also conservation and management of the important horticultural crops.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Introduction
 

Scope and importance, Branches of horticulture; Role in rural economy and employment generation; Importance in food and nutritional security; Urban horticulture and ecotourism.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Ornamental plants
 

Types, classification (annuals, perennials, climbers and trees); Identification and salient features of some ornamental plants [rose, marigold, gladiolus, carnations, orchids, poppies, gerberas, tuberose, sages, cacti and succulents (opuntia, agave and spurges)] Ornamental flowering trees (Indian laburnum, gulmohar, Jacaranda, Lagerstroemia, fishtail and areca palms, semul, coraltree).

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
Fruit and vegetable crops
 

Production, origin and distribution; Description of plants and their economic products; Management and marketing of vegetable and fruit crops; Identification of some fruits and vegetable varieties (citrus, banana, mango, chilies and cucurbits).

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:8
Horticultural techniques
 

Application of manure, fertilizers, nutrients and PGRs; Weed control; Biofertilizers, biopesticides; Irrigation methods (drip irrigation, surface irrigation, furrow and border irrigation); Hydroponics; Propagation Methods: asexual (grafting, cutting, layering, budding), sexual (seed propagation): Seed: Structure and types - Seed dormancy; causes and methods of breaking dormancy - Seed storage: Seed banks, factors affecting seed viability, genetic erosion – Seedproduction technology - seed testing and certification, Scope and limitations.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:3
Landscaping and garden design
 

Planning and layout (parks and avenues); gardening traditions - Ancient Indian, European, Mughal and Japanese Gardens; Urban forestry; policies and practices.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:3
Floriculture
 

 

Cut flowers, bonsai, commerce (market demand and supply); Importance of flower shows and exhibitions.

Text Books And Reference Books:

 

  1. Singh, D. & Manivannan, S.  Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops. Ridhi International, Delhi, India. 2009.

  2. NIIR Board. Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Floriculture. National Institute of Industrial Research Board, Delhi. 2005.
Essential Reading / Recommended Reading
  1.  Swaminathan, M.S. and Kochhar, S.L. Groves of Beauty and Plenty: An Atlas of Major Flowering Trees in India. Macmillan Publishers, India. 2007.
  2. NIIR Board. Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Floriculture. National Institute of Industrial Research Board, Delhi. 2005.
  3. Kader, A.A.  Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. UCANR Publications, USA.2002.

 

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT642B - AQUATIC BOTANY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. To understand and develop concept on marine and limnetic algae biodiversity of Indian coasts

2. To familiarize with vast diversity of mangroves and other related plants

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand commonly occurring marine and limnetic algae of Indian coasts along with the current understanding of its biology

CO2: Analyze the properties of mangroves, other aquatic angiosperms and microalgae

CO3: Reflect upon the values and uses of aquatic plants

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:12
Marine and Limnetic Macro Algae
 

Common seaweeds of Indian subcontinent: Ulva, Cladophora, Caulerpa, Gracillaria, Sargassum etc. Life cycle, ecology and species identification features. Common terrestrial algae including cyanobacteria and lichen photobionts of Indian subcontinent and its lifecycle, ecology and taxonomy: Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Trebouxia, Trentepohlia

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:11
Mangroves
 

Famous mangrove forests of India including Sundarbans, Pichavaram, Karnataka Mangrooves, Rathnagiri mangroves. Common species of mangroves and mangrove associated plants, including Avicennia, Rhizophora, Laguncularia, Sonneria, Acanthus and Aegiceras. Lifecycle of selected species of mangrove.Ecological significance of mangroves.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Phytoplanktons, Cyanobacteria, Dinoflagellates and Diatoms
 

Common marine microalgae of India including phytoplanktons and picoplanktons, Common diatoms and dinoflagellates of Indian Ocean, Common limnetic and terrestrial cyanobacteria of India ,Economic importance of diatoms.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:12
Aquatic Angiosperms, Values and Uses of Aquatic Plants
 

Common aquatic angiosperms of India including Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera,), water lilly (Nymphaea sps), Water hyacinth (Eichhornia sps), Water lettuce (Pistia sps).Ecology, life cycle, taxonomy and economic importance of aquatic angiosperms.

Values and uses of aquatic plants: Economic importance of aquatic plants, Ecosystem services of aquatic plants including biogeochemical cycles, oxygen production and carbon sequestration, biodiesel and so on, seaweed-based industries in India and abroad, edible seaweed and algal resources of India, aesthetic, cultural, spiritual importance of aquatic plants.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology.4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2. Wile, J.M, Sherwood, L.M. and Woolverton, C.J. (2013). Prescott’s Microbiology.9th Edition.McGrawHill International.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi

4. Hoek, C. Van, D. (1999) An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT642C - FORENSIC BOTANY AND WILDLIFE FORENSICS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The course will provide basic knowledge about the application of Botany to Forensic investigations and legal disputes. Possible sources of botanical evidence will be illustrated, such as palynology, dendrology, plant anatomy, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, etc. Examples of historical case reports and data analysis will be shown. Toxic plants and botanical drugs will be described.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand different types of woods, timbers identified in Wild life crimes

CO2: Analyze the collection and preservation of different types of biological evidences from the crime scene

CO3: Apply the knowledge for identification of different types of Poisonous plants

CO4: Evaluate the importance of Diatoms in Suicide cases and different forensic investigations.

CO5: Evaluate the importance of Wildlife materials during Forensic investigation.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
General Introduction
 

General plant classification schemes, Sub specialization of forensic botany- plant morphology, plant anatomy, plant systematic, palynology, plant ecology, limnology, Plant architecture- roots, stems, flowers, leaves. Practical plant classification schemes: - vegetables and herbs, fruits bearing trees and plants, landscaping plants: trees, shrubs and vines, grasses, plant cell structure and functions.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Botanical Evidence collection and analysis
 

Botanical Evidence collection and analysis: Various types of woods, timbers, seeds and leaves and their forensic importance, Identification and matching of various types of wood, timber varieties, seeds and leaves. Types of fibers – forensic aspects of fiber examinations, Identification and comparison of man–made and natural fibres. Identification of starch grains, powder and stains of spices etc. Paper and Paper Pulp identification

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:8
Algae in forensic investigations and Forensic Palynology
 

Algae in forensic investigations: Algal diversity, Various types of Planktons and diatoms and their forensic importance, application of algal evidence in forensic investigations, collection and processing of algal evidence with special reference to diatoms in forensic investigations. 

Forensic Palynology: History and utilization of forensic palynology, Biological features of pollen, Physical characteristics of pollen: size, shape, aperture type, sculpture, wall composition and preservation, wall structure; Pollen production and dispersal, Pollen analysis: Palynomorph assemblages, sample preparation for pollen analysis, interpretation of pollen assemblages;  types of forensic pollen samples: control samples, forensic pollen samples from soil, dirt and dust, clothing and woven materials, fibers from rope, carpets, fur and animal and human hair, Illicit drugs, packing materials;  identification of pollens, and comparison of pollen assemblages from control and exhibit samples, collection, storage and processing of pollen samples, examination of forensic samples, future of forensic palynology, cases involving forensic palynology,

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Poisonous plants
 

Various types of poisonous plants- Abrus precatorius, Aconitum, Anacardium occidentale, Argemone mexicana, Calotropis, Cannabis sativa, Claviceps purpuria, Cinchona, Croton tiglium, Atropa belladonna, Erythroxylum coco, Gloriosa superba, Jatropha curcas, Lathyrus sativus, Manihot utilissima, Nerium indicum, Nicotiana tabacum, Plumbago, Ricinus communis, Semicarpus anacardium, Strychnos nux vomica, Thevetia nerifolia, Types of plants yielding drugs of abuse – opium, cannabis, coco, tobacco, dhatura, Psilocybin mushrooms.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
Collection and preservation of botanical evidences
 

Collection and preservation of botanical evidences: Botanical samples, outdoor crime scene consideration, Analysis of samples, DNA analysis, plant DNA typing, Classic forensic botany cases: Case histories by using Plant anatomy and systematic, Palynology, Plant ecology, Limnology, Plant Molecular Biology and DNA, Drug enforcement and DNA.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:10
Wildlife Forensics
 

Introduction and importance of wild life, Protected and endangered species of Animals and Plants. Types of wildlife investigations, Application of forensic science to wildlife investigation, Identification of wild life materials by conventional and modern methods. Identification of Pug marks of various animals census of wild life population. Genetic methodologies in wildlife investigation. Relevant provision of wild life and environmental act. Types of wildlife crimes. Different methods of killing and poaching of wildlife animals.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Hosetti, B.B; “Concept in Wildlife Management”, Daya Publishing House, 2005.

2. Linarce, Adrian; “Forensic Science in Wildlife Investigation”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2009.

3. Baalu, T.R.; “The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972”, Nataraj Publication, 2001.

4. Morrison Robert D, Environmental Forensic Principles and Applications,CRC Press, NY (2000)

5. Nataraj Publishers; “Wildlife (Protection Act, 1972)”, Nataraj Publishers, 1997.

6. Herbert Stone; “The Timbers of Commerce”, International Book Distributor, 1985.

7. N. Clifford; “Timber Identification”, Leonard Hill Ltd., 1957.

8. G. Erdtman; “Pollen Morphology & Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms (an introduction to Palynology), Hafner Publishing Co., 1971.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

9. Esau Katherine; “Plant Anatomy”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1965.

10. Heather Miller Coyle; “Forensic Botany”, CRC Press, 2005.

11. Herbert L. Edlin; “A manual of Wood Identification”, Viking Press, 1976.

12. H.C. Long; “The Poisonous Plants”, Asiatic Publishing House, 1994.

13. Katherine Paddock Hess; “Textile Fibres & their use”, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., 1974.

14. Coyle H M (2004) Forensic Botany: Principles and Applications to Criminal Casework. CRC Press. 

15.  James S.H., Nordby J.J., Bell S. (2015). Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. CRC Press; 4 edition. 

16. Hall D W and Byrd J (2012) Forensic Botany: a practical guide. Wiley-Blackwell, 1edition. 

17. Bock J H and Nrris D O (2016) Forensic Plant Science, Academic Press.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

 CIAI – Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 CIAII – Midsemester exam – 25%

 CIAIII - Assignments/test/presentation/etc – 10%

 Attendance – 5%

 End Semester Theory Exam – 50%

BOT651A - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper trains the students in various aspects of tissue culture- selection of explants, media preparation, sterilization, inoculation, sub culturing and acclimatization.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Design and develop a plant tissue culture laboratory.

CO2: Formulate tissue culture media, prepare and sterilize the media and maintain aseptic conditions in the laboratory

CO3: Establish cultures for micropropagation, callus and haploid production.

CO4: Acquire the skills to conduct research as well as making them entrepreneurs.

CO5: Examine percentages of identity, positive, mismatch, gaps and similarity in a pairwise sequence alignment.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS LAB
 

1 Plant tissue culture lab designing, sterilization techniques 

2 Preparation of medium-Murashige and Skoog medium, Gamborg’s medium and Nitsch’s medium

3 Production and maintenance of Callus culture 

4 Multiple shoot initiation 

5 Production of virus free plants 

6 Production of Haploid 

7 Protoplast isolation by enzymatic method 

8 Preparation of Artificial seed

9 Establishment of Callus suspension culture & monitoring the growth by dry weight method

10 DNA and protein homology by BLAST 

11 Protein structure studies by RASMOL

Text Books And Reference Books:

S. Rajan S and R. Christy, Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences, Chennai: Anjanaa Book House, 2010.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

C. C. Giri.  Plant Biotechnology - Practical Manual, Bengaluru: I.K. International Pvt.  Ltd, 2007.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

 

BOT651B - MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This practical course on Molecular Biology and Genetic engineering covers the basic experiments and methods related to the rDNA technology. It helps the students to understand and experience the methods and steps involved in cloning a DNA molecule and making of rDNA.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Students will be familiar with different molecular biological techniques like electrophoresis, chromatography, and spectrophotometry.

CO2: Students learn the concepts of estimation of macromolecules like DNA, RNA and proteins.

CO3: The course will equip the student with all the basic rDNA methods and protocols. By the end of the course, the students will be familiar with and gain hands-on training on basic rDNA methodologies.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND GENETIC ENGINEERING LAB
 

1. Isolation of genomic DNA from bacteria, plant and animal tissue

2. Isolation of plasmid DNA (E. coli) by alkaline lysis method

3. Separation of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis

4. DNA estimation by DPA method

5. RNA estimation by Orcinol method

6. Spectrophotometric estimation of DNA/RNA

7. Extraction of protein from animal source by salt precipitation /Organic solvent method & estimation using Biuret method

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. M. L. Srivastava, Bioanalytical Techniques, New Delhi: Narosa Publications, 2011

2. K. Wilson and J. Walker, Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 7th ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.            S. K. Sawhney. R. Singh. Introductory Practical Biochemistry. New Delhi. Narosa Publications. 2014

2.            M. L. Srivastava. Bioanalytical Techniques, New Delhi. India. Narosa Publications. 2011

3.            J. Sambrook and M. Green. Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 4 Ed. (3 Volume set). New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2012

 

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

ESE - 50 Marks

BOT652A - HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1.            To develop the skills in the students in nursery management and mushroom cultivation.

2.            Familiarize with the fundamental principles of nursery management, and the future scope

3.            To understand the scope and importance of nursery management.

4.            Make awareness on techniques involved in mushroom cultivation.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the various propagation methods and structures employed for vegetative propagation.

CO2: Analyze maturity stages of commercially important horticultural crops

CO3: Visit to private nurseries, commercial tissue culture unit, cold storage, fruit and vegetable processing units will help the students to gain in hand experience.

CO4: Understand the significance of cut flowers and bonsai techniques.

CO5: Analyze the nutritional value of fruits and vegetables.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
HORTICULTURAL PRACTICES AND POST-HARVEST TECHNOLOGY LAB
 

1.      Media and containers for macro propagation, tools and implements

2.      Propagation structures viz., mist chamber, poly house, shade net house, cold  frames and hot beds and their maintenance

3.      Sexual propagation of papaya and raising rootstocks in mango

4.      Preparation of nursery beds and sowing

5.      Potting, repotting, handling and maintenance of seedling and rootstocks

6.      Preparation of growth regulators and standardization of formulations for seed and vegetative propagation.

7.      Techniques of propagation through leaf cuttings

8.      Techniques of propagation through stem cutting

9.      Techniques and methods of layering

10.  Techniques and methods of layering

11.  Techniques and methods of propagation through grafting

12.  Propagation techniques through budding

13.  Propagation through specialized organs

14.  Anatomical studies in rooting of cutting and graft union

15.  Analyzing maturity stages of commercially important horticultural crops,

16.  estimation of transpiration, respiration rate, ethylene release and study of vase life

17.  extension in cut flower using chemicals

18. Estimation of lycopene/anthocyanin  in fruits/vegetables/leaves

 

19.  Project preparation for commercial nurseries

20.  Visit to private nurseries and commercial tissue culture unit

21.  Visit to cold storage and visit to fruit and vegetable processing units

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.      Swaminathan, M.S. and Kochhar, S.L.  Groves of Beauty and Plenty: An Atlas of Major Flowering Trees in India. Macmillan Publishers, India. 2007.

2.      NIIR Board. Cultivation of Fruits, Vegetables and Floriculture. National Institute of Industrial Research Board, Delhi. 2005.

3.      Kader, A.A.  Post-Harvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. UCANR Publications, USA., 2002.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.      Singh, D. & Manivannan, S.  Genetic Resources of Horticultural Crops. Ridhi International, Delhi, India. 2009.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

END SEMESTER PRACTICAL EXAMINATION -50%

 

BOT652B - AQUATIC BOTANY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

1. To understand and develop concept on marine and limnetic algae biodiversity of Indian coasts

2. To familiarize with vast diversity of mangroves and other related plants

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the anatomical feature of marine and micro algae

CO2: Understand the collection and identification of aquatic plants

CO3: Understand the technique of collection and examination of diatoms

CO4: Analyze the morphology/physiology/anatomy/ antimicrobial/antioxidant of mangrove species

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
AQUATIC BOTANY LAB
 

1.      Identification and micropreparation (anatomical study) of the marine algae: Ulva, Cladophora, Caulerpa, Gracillaria, Sargassum  

2.      Identification and micropreparation (anatomical study) of microalgae: Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Trebouxia, Trentepohlia 

3.      Collection and microscopic observation of phytoplanktons and cyanobacteria 

4.      Counting of phytoplankton using Sedgewick Rafter Counting Chambers 

5.      Visit to nearby lentic ecosystem (pond/lake), collection and identification of aquatic plants by morphology and microscopy of:                                  

 Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera,),

Water lilly (Nymphaea sps),

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia sps),

Water lettuce (Pistia sps)

6. Collection of diatoms from soils and muddy streams and its photomicroscopy 

7. Scanning Electron Microscopy of diatoms and/or demonstration of SEM images 

8.  Conduct anatomical study of leaf/stem/ root of Avicennia, Rhizophora, Laguncularia, Sonneria, Acanthus and Aegiceras(any three)                                                         

9. Study of mangroves: Conduct a scientific study (morphology/ physiology/ anatomy/ antimicrobial/antioxidant) on any one of the mangrove species and submit the report for the evaluation. Viva is to be conducted based on the project report submitted.                                                                                                                       

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Lee, R.E. (2008). Phycology.4th edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

2. Wile, J.M, Sherwood, L.M. and Woolverton, C.J. (2013). Prescott’s Microbiology.9th Edition.McGrawHill International.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

3. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West Press, Delhi

4. Hoek, C. Van, D. (1999) An Introduction to Phycology. Cambridge University Press.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BOT652C - FORENSIC BOTANY AND WILDLIFE FORENSICS LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The course will provide basic knowledge about the application of Botany to Forensic investigations and legal disputes. Possible sources of botanical evidence will be illustrated, such as palynology, dendrology, plant anatomy, pharmacognosy, molecular biology, etc. Examples of historical case reports and data analysis will be shown. Toxic plants and botanical drugs will be described.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the identification, Examination and analysis of wildlife materials like skin, fur, bones, nails etc

CO2: Understand the identification, Examination and analysis plant materials like pollen, fiber etc

CO3: Analyze the different chromatographic techniques in analysis of plant phytoconstituents.

CO4: Apply knowledge about the different types of cuticle and scale patterns of different animals

CO5: Evaluate the reasons of the animal death through Necropsy

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
FORENSIC BOTANY AND WILDLIFE FORENSICS LAB
 
  1. Identification of wild life materials such as skin, fur, bones, nails, horn, teeth, flowers and plants
  2. Examination of fur, nails, horn, teeth 
  3. Examination of hair of different animals such as Dogs, Cats, Cow, Horse, Goats etc. 
  4. Determination of human hair morphology.
  5. Study of pugmarks of animals 
  6. Preparation of permanent slides by using maceration technique of various forensic material of Plant origin
  7. Study of pollen grains and spores of forensic significance.
  8. Morphological & microscopic examination of fibres. 
  9. Microscopic and chemical comparison of paper pulp. 
  10. Identification of diatoms
  11. Identification of starch granules. 
  12. Common staining techniques and laboratory exercises for identification of different plant cell types.
  13. Differentiation of fibres including sisal, manila, jute and cotton based on ashing.
  14. Microscopical examination of man-made fibres. 
  15. Morphological and anatomical examination of poisonous plants given in the syllabus (any 5)
  16. Extraction and characterization of phytochemicals present in the poisonous plants in the syllabus (from any 3 plants) using chromatography techniques. 
Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Hosetti, B.B; “Concept in Wildlife Management”, Daya Publishing House, 2005.

2. Linarce, Adrian; “Forensic Science in Wildlife Investigation”, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis, 2009.

3. Baalu, T.R.; “The Wildlife Protection Act, 1972”, Nataraj Publication, 2001.

4. Morrison Robert D, Environmental Forensic Principles and Applications,CRC Press, NY (2000)

5. Nataraj Publishers; “Wildlife (Protection Act, 1972)”, Nataraj Publishers, 1997.

6. Herbert Stone; “The Timbers of Commerce”, International Book Distributor, 1985.

7. N. Clifford; “Timber Identification”, Leonard Hill Ltd., 1957.

8. G. Erdtman; “Pollen Morphology & Plant Taxonomy: Angiosperms (an introduction to Palynology), Hafner Publishing Co., 1971.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

9. Esau Katherine; “Plant Anatomy”, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 1965.

10. Heather Miller Coyle; “Forensic Botany”, CRC Press, 2005.

11. Herbert L. Edlin; “A manual of Wood Identification”, Viking Press, 1976.

12. H.C. Long; “The Poisonous Plants”, Asiatic Publishing House, 1994.

13. Katherine Paddock Hess; “Textile Fibres & their use”, Oxford & IBH Publishing Co., 1974.

14. Coyle H M (2004) Forensic Botany: Principles and Applications to Criminal Casework. CRC Press. 

15.  James S.H., Nordby J.J., Bell S. (2015). Forensic Science: An Introduction to Scientific and Investigative Techniques. CRC Press; 4 edition. 

16. Hall D W and Byrd J (2012) Forensic Botany: a practical guide. Wiley-Blackwell, 1edition. 

17. Bock J H and Nrris D O (2016) Forensic Plant Science, Academic Press.

Evaluation Pattern

Continuous Internal Assessment (CIA)

CIA-I – Performance – 20 Marks

CIA-II- Mid Semester Practical Examination – 20 Marks

CIA-III – Record – 10 Marks

 ESE - 50 Marks

BOT652D - RESEARCH PROJECT IN BOTANY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:75
No of Lecture Hours/Week:5
Max Marks:150
Credits:5

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This part of the syllabus gives a basic idea on research, what is research, types of research. How to plan the research, collection of data and how to document the data. The student is able to explore the research areas in life science. The students will also be knowing the plant micro techniques and the art of scientific writing and presentation.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the concept of research

CO2: Understand the research methodology, plan the research, execution of the research work

CO3: Analyze the data obtained after performing the research, compilation of the data and manuscript writing and thesis writing.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:75
Individual Student Project based on Botany
 

Individual Student Project based on Botany discipline

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.      Thomas, C.G., Research Methodology and Scientific Writing. Anne Books Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru. 2017.

2.      Dawson, C. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi. 2002.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1.      Stapleton, P., Yondeowei, A., Mukanyange, J., Houten, H.  Scientific writing for agricultural research scientists – a training reference manual. West Africa Rice Development Association, Hong Kong, 1995.

2.      Ruzin, S.E. Plant micro technique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York, U.S.A., 1999.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA Evaluation - 50% 

Components of CIA 
  1. Written examination on research methodology (pass with 40% is mandatory to appear for END sem presentation) - 50 marks
  2. Presentation of the work  - 50 marks
  3. Evaluation of the workbook and completion status of the work periodically by the guide and research committee - 50 marks
 
End Semester evaluation - 50 % 
Components of ESE
  1. Presentation of the work - 50 marks
  2. Evaluation of the report of the work - 50 marks
  3. Viva - 50 marks

BTY631 - ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Animal biotechnology focuses on the manipulation of genes in animals – introduction and knockout of genes and their effects, different systems available for the production of sustainable industrial

products and important therapeutic and diagnostic drugs and vaccines for medical and veterinary use.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Students will be able to understand the applications of cell culture and stem cells.

CO2: Students will be able to understand the concepts of cell culture which includes culture methods, characterization, monitoring tools.

CO3: Students will be able to understand the methods involved in the artificial reproductive technology

CO4: Students will understand the basics of vaccine development.

CO5: Students will understand the applications and process involved in the development of transgenic animals

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
Introduction to Cell Culture and Growth Medium
 

History and scope of animal cell and tissue culture, advantages and disadvantages of tissue culture, requirement of animal cell culture lab, sterilization techniques, types of medium (Defined and  undefined), significance of serum, Growth factors promoting proliferation of animal cell culture -  EGF,FGF,PDGF,TGF,IL, IGF.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:5
Establishment of Cell Line and Scaling Up
 

Primary culture, Disaggregation of tissue (physical, chemical methods- trypsin, collagenase), secondary cell lines, continuous cell lines, characteristics of cell lines, maintenance of cell lines, measurement of cell viability - Evan’s blue method, Trypan blue method, Anchorage dependent cell lines- Roux bottle, Roller bottle, anchorage independent cell lines- Stirred bioreactor, airlift bioreactor, immobilized bioreactor, product recovery and purification

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Organ Culture and in vitro Fertilization
 

Culture techniques- Plasma Clot, Raft methods, Agar gel, Grid method. Tissue engineering-artificial skin, artificial cartilage. IVF- in vitro fertilization of farm animals, need for IVF, techniques used - induction of superovulation, preparation and collection of oocytes, preparation of spermatozoa, in vitro fertilization and development, embryo transfer & its advantages, IVF in humans- significance, Bioethics and regualtions in artificial reproductive technology

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Embryonic stem cells
 

Definition and importance, Source of stem cells, Properties of stem cell, Embryonic stem cell culture, cellular potency, lineage commitment, cellular development and differentiation, stimulation of embryonic stem cells to differentiate, generation of induced pluripotent cells, therapeutic adult stemcells - source, differentiation, similarities between adult and embryonic stem cells, applications, concept of cord blood banking, Bioethics, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) – guidelines.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
Gene expression systems
 

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic gene expression systems- types, ways of manipulating gene expression, pET system for expressing proteins - vector and the mechanism, animal expression systems- yeast based, insect cell line based, mammalian vectors, High level production of transgene products – hormones and vaccines - in animal cells, Human growth hormone, Human insulin, examples of FDA approved recombinant drugs.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:7
Vaccines and Therapeutic Agents
 

Recombinant vaccines, Sub unit vaccines – Hepatitis B, Foot and mouth disease, Herpes simplex virus vaccines their production, DNA vaccines, Advantages and disadvantages RNA vaccine, Production of viral vaccine. Monoclonal antibodies -Large scale production, diagnostic and therapeutic uses in diseases like cancer, AIDS etc., Human monoclonal antibodies, Genetic engineering strategies for monoclonal antibodies, Human-mouse antibodies, Advantages and limitations of monoclonal antibodies, examples of McAb based drugs available in the market.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1 U. Sathyanarayana. Biotechnology. New Delhi: Books and Allied (P) Ltd. 2005.

2 I. Freshney. Culture of Animal Cells. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. M. Butler. Animal Cell Culture and Technology – the basics, 2nd ed, UK: Taylor and Francis, 2004.

2.S. Gangal. Principles and Practice of Animal Tissue Culture, 2nd ed, Hyderabad: Universities, Press, 2010.

3. B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis, M. R. K. Roberts and P. Walter. Molecular Biology of the Cell, USA: Garland Science Publishing, 2008.

4. L. Houdibine. Animal Transgenesis and Cloning, New York: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2003.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2- 25%

CIA3- 10%

Attendance - 5%

 

ESE- 50%

BTY641A - ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper deals with the study of diversity of algae and their commercial importance.it further deals with the application of algae in food, medicine, agriculture and as fuel.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To introduce the students to these myriad possibilities of utilizing algae

CO2: to understand the basic biology of algae including growth, reproduction, habitat etc, ways of manipulating algal growth, products obtained from algae and the exploitation of various algae in the field of biotechnology.

CO3: More emphasis is given on its utility as food and increasingly as biofuel production cells

CO4: stress is given on aspects of genetically modifying strains of useful algal species to increase its potential

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:6
Introduction to algae
 

Classification of Algae, Chemical composition: protein, amino acids, lipids, waxes, glycerol, vitamins, pigments, chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins, flagellation, reserve food, Reproduction(vegetative-asexual-sexual); Lifecycle, Lichens – types and functional significance, distribution of economically important algae in India.

 

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:8
Culture of algae
 

Growth pattern of algae, culture conditions, ways of optimising algal growth, growth curve , , Algal production systems; Strain selection; Algal growth curve; Culture media; indoor cultivation methods and scaling up, photobioreactors, product and strain improvement technique, Large-scale cultivation of algae. Evaporation and uniform dispersal of nutrients; Harvesting algae. Drying.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:4
Algae as food and fodder
 

Uses of algae in agriculture, important species used ad fodder, commercial products of algae: Agar Agar, Alginates, Carrageenin, diatomite, mucilage, minerals Unit 4- Algae in medicine

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:3
Algae in medicine
 

Algae for medical applications (eg: Laminaria, Sargassum, Digenia etc) , algae in space research. Role of algae in nanobiotechnology

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:7
Algae as fertilizer
 

Cyanobacterial inoculants (BGA): Isolation, preparation of starter culture, mass cultivation, field applications and crop response, molecular biology of Nitrogen fixation, genes involved, ways of genetic manipulation to increase Nitrogen fixation efficiency

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:8
Algae as fuel
 

Common species used, chemistry of algal biofuel synthesis, composition of algal biofuel, ways of extraction of biofuel, Steps for producing biodiesel from algae, role of transesterification uses, blending etc, research on algal biofuels

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Pandey A, Lee D, Chisti Y, and Soccol C, 2013. Biofuels from algae, Elsevier.

2. Fritsch, F. E. 1961, Structure and reproduction in algae, Vol - I, & II Cambridge University Press, London

3.Barsanti, LAURA AND PAOLO GUALTIERI 2005 Algae-Anatomy, Biochemistry and Biotechnology. Taylor & Francis, London, New York.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Becker, E.W. 1994 Microalgae-Biotechnology and microbiology. Cambridge University Press.

2. Trivedi, P.C. 2001 Algal Biotechnology. Pointer publishers, Jaipur, India.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2-25%

CIA3-10%

Attendance- 5%

 

ESE-50%

BTY641B - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

Environmental Biotechnology utilizes microorganisms to improve environmental quality. These improvements include treatment of contaminated waters and wastewaters, clean up of industrial waste streams, and remediation of soils contaminated with hazardous and toxic chemicals

Learning Outcome

CO1: Introduces the students with basics of environmental pollution.

CO2: Students will develop in depth knowledge about bioremediation and phytoremediation.

CO3: Provides understanding about waste water and sludge treatment.

CO4: Helps the students to gain understanding about the merits and demerits of genetic modification

CO5: Provides fundamental idea about alternative fuels

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
Environmental pollution
 

Basic concepts of environment (Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere, Biosphere), source and nature of pollution, common pollutants in air, water, soilBiomonitoring(Visual rating, Genotoxicity, metabolic rating, Plant test system, Animal test system, Biosensor, cell and molecular biology in monitoring)

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Biotechnological methods for pollution Management
 

Atmospheric CO2reduction, Photosynthesis to reduce atmospheric CO2, Biological calcification to reduce atmospheric CO2, Sewage treatment by bacteria and algae, Eutrophication and phosphorus pollution, Biological removal of phosphorus, Management of metal pollution, Bioscavengers of metals, Mechanism of metal scavenging, Immobilized cells in the management of pollution.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
water pollution and sewage
 

Nature of pollutants, composition of sewage, techniques to measure water pollution-BOD, COD, sewage water treatment, primary secondary and tertiary treatments, Industrial effluent treatment from tannery. Water portability, chemical and Biological pollutants, water borne diseases,

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Solid waste management
 

Sources and characteristics of sludge, Preliminary operations, Sludge thickening and stabilization, Conditioning and disinfection of sludge, disposal of sludge, landfills, composting types- aerobic and anaerobic, vermicomposting.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:6
Alternate sources of fuel
 

Conventional fuels and their environmental impact, Modern fuels– Advantages over conventional fuels. Methanogenic bacteria, Composition and production of Biogas, Microbial hydrogen Production, biodiesel, biohydrogen.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:4
Bioremediation
 

Bioremediation of soil & water contaminated with oil spills, heavy metals and detergents. Degradation of lignin and cellulose using microbes. Phytoremediation, Types of phytoremediation - rhizofiltration, phytovolatalisation,rhizodegradation.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Sathyanarayana. U, Biotechnology. Books and Allied (P) Ltd, Kolkota: 2008.

2. Jogdand S.N, Environmental Biotechnology. 3rd Edn, India: Himalaya Publication House, 2001.

3. Singh B.D, Biotechnology. 2nd Edn,New Delhi: Kalyani Publishers, 2007.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Ashim. K. Chakravarthy, Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology2ndEdn, India: OUP,India, 2013.

2. Hans Joachim Joedening and Josef winter, Environmental Biotechnology: Concepts and applications, Wiley Blackwell, United states: 2004.

3. T.K. Srinivas, Environmental Biotechnology 1stEdn, India: New Age International Pvt Ltd, 2008

4. A.K. Chaterji, Introduction to Environmental Biotechnology 3rdEdn, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.Ltd, April 2011

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2-25%

CIA3-10%

Attendance- 5%

ESE-50%

BTY641C - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper deals with fundamentals of embryonic development and organogenesis. It explains the models for cell signalling and late embryonic development in development of human diseases.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To introduce the concepts and process in animal development

CO2: To help students to understand and appreciate the basic and genetic mechanisms and the unfolding of the same during development.

CO3: The paper deals with the molecular basis of embryonic stages and development.

CO4: This paper highlights the fundamentals of regeneration in animals.

CO5: To expose the learner to the new developments in embryology and its relevance to humans

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
History and basic concepts
 

The origin of developmental biology; basic concepts of developmental biology- cell division, cell differentiation, signaling, model systems: mammals,

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:10
Early embryonic development
 

Gametogenesis: Structure of gametes (sperm & egg), Spermatogenesis and oogenesis (w.r.t mammals), Types of eggs, vitellogenesis in birds; cell surface molecules in sperm egg, recognition in animals. Fertilization: external (amphibians), internal (mammals), Significance of fertilization, approximation of gametes, Capacitation, Acrosome reaction, formation of fertilization membrane, egg activation, Blockage to polyspermy. 

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:10
Stages of devoplment
 

Zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neurula and organogenesis,differential gene expression during formation of germ layers. Early development of frog and humans (structure of mature egg and its membranes, patterns of cleavage, fate map, up to formation of gastrula); types of morphogenetic movements; Fate of germ layers; Neurulation in frog embryo.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:10
Late embryonic development
 

Metamorphic events in frog life cycle and its hormonal regulation, Implantation of embryo in humans, Formation of human placenta and functions, other types of placenta on the basis of histology. Retrogressive metamorphosis: As exhibited by an ascidian. Development in Health and Disease.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:10
Metamorphosis and Regeneration in Animals an overview
 

Types of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, hormonal control of metamorphosis in insects and amphibians, Heterochrony, Polarity and Metaplasia in regeneration.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Kardong, K.V. (2005) Vertebrates’ Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution. IV Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

2. Kent, G.C. and Carr R.K. (2000). Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. IX Edition. The McGraw-Hill Companies.

3. Hilderbrand, M and GaslowG.E. Analysis of Vertebrate Structure, John Wiley and Sons. 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Walter, H.E. and Sayles, L.P; Biology of Vertebrates, Khosla Publishing House.

2. Gilbert, S. F. (2006). Developmental Biology, VIII Edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Publishers, Sunderland, Massachusetts, USA.

3. Balinsky, B.I. (2008). An introduction to Embryology, International Thomson Computer Press.

4. Carlson, Bruce M (1996). Patten’s Foundations of Embryology, McGraw Hill, Inc.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2-25%

CIA3-10%

Attendance- 5%

 

ESE-50%

BTY641D - HUMAN GENETICS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper imparts practical knowledge on human genetics and its applications. Moreover it deals with the importance of cytogenetics, different types of diagnostic methods and importance of human genetics

in the medical diagnosis field. Molecular cytogenetics is also included to get better acquainted with microscopy techniques which are of great significance in this domain.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To provide the knowledge about the genetic influence and history of human genetics

CO2: To understand the principles and mechanisms of the inheritance from one generation to the next.

CO3: To get updated with the knowledge on genetic diseases and its research approach.

CO4: To get familiarized with microscopy techniques cytogenetics.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:6
Basics of human genetics
 

Introduction to Human Genetics-Identification of human chromosome – characterization. Various Banding techniques (G, C, Q, R). Designating structural chromosomal abnormalities by break points and band composition and sister chromatid exchange studies

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Basics of cytogenetics
 

International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN) and Quality Assurance-Paris Nomenclature- Introduction to Cancer Cytogenetics: Application of cytogenetics in cancer diagnosis, analysis and interpretation.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:6
Chromosomal syndromes
 

Autosomal abnormalities – Down syndrome, Edward syndrome, Patau syndrome, Cri-du-chat syndrome. Sex chromosomal syndrome; Klinefelter’s syndrome, Turners syndrome, multiple XXX syndrome, XYY male.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:6
Human biochemical genetics
 

Introduction of Human Biochemical Genetics - Inborn errors of metabolism – Amino acid metabolism, Phenylketonuria. Disorders of Purine metabolism: Lesh Nyhan syndrome. Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism – Galactosemia. Immunogenetics – Introduction to immune response – the cellular basis of immune responses – Immune deficiency disorders.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:6
Basics of cancer genetics
 

A brief account of cancer-definition, types-Benign and Malignant; Sarcoma, Carcinoma, Lymphoma and Leukaemia Properties of malignant cells, Types of genes - Proto oncogenes, Oncogenes, Tumor Suppressor genes-p53, pRb. Chromosomal abnormalities associated with the specific malignancies- Types of Leukemia.

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
prenatal diagnostic techniques
 

Invasive prenatal diagnosis: Buccal smear test, Amniocentesis – Chorionic villi and fibroblast sampling and cultures. Advantages and Limitations of Prenatal Diagnosis: Introduction and types of Non – Invasive Prenatal diagnosis.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Textbook of Endocrinology – Robert H. Williams. (1974 & 1985) W.B. Saunder’s co., Philadelphia

2. Duncan’s Disease of Metabolism – P.K. Bondy and L.E. Rosenberg (1974) W.B. Sounders Co., Philadelphia.

3. Vogel R and Rohroborn C (1970): Chemical, mutagenes in mammals and man – springer – verlag, Berlin.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Brusick, D (1980): Principles of genetic toxicology, - Plenum Press.

2. Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology – V.L. Chopra and Auswar Nasim, Oxford & IBM Publishing Co., Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1990

3. Biotechnology – Keshav Trehan. Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi, 1990.

4. Reproductive Genetics & Law: Sherman Elias & George J. Annas year book Medical Publishers Inc., Chicago, 1987.

5. Human chromosomes – Orlando J. Miller, Eeva Therman – Springer Pub. (2001)

6. Principles of Medical Genetics –Thomas d. Gelebrter Francis S. Collins,Williams & Wilkin’s IB.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2-25%

CIA3-10%

Attendance- 5%

 

ESE-50%

BTY651 - ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The papers describes the fundamental aspects of setting up of a small scale animal cell culture lab. It also deals with the basic principles and procedures in animal cell culturing.

Learning Outcome

CO1: The paper imparts practical knowledge on the culture of animal cells.

CO2: The paper deals with requirements of animal cell culture lab, different types of media preparation, initiation of cell culture and maintenance of cells.

CO3: Cell viability assays are also included to get better acquainted with microscopy techniques which are of great significance in cell culture studies.

CO4: The paper helps in understanding the basics of preparation of animal cell culture media.

CO5: Students will be able to assess the cytotoxic effects of drugs

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiment details
 

1 Set up of small scale animal cell culture lab 2

2 Sterilization techniques in Animal Cell Culture Lab. 1

3 Preparation of animal cell culture media - Minimal Essential Growth medium, Hanks Balanced salt solutions

 

4 Isolation of liver parenchyma cells by enzymatic method 

5 Isolation of liver parenchyma cells by mechanical method 

6 staining of cells 

7 Isolation of lymphocytes for culturing 

8 Primary Cell Culture and maintenance of cell lines 

9 DNA isolation from animal tissue 

10 Quantification of isolated DNA using spectrophotometer

11 Micronucleus test

12 Assay of Cell Viability and cell toxicity by dye (Trypan Blue) exclusion 1

13 Visit to an Animal Cell Culture Lab 

Text Books And Reference Books:

I. Freshney. Culture Of Animal Cells. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 2006.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Rajan S and Christy R S. Experimental Procedures in Life Sciences. Chennai. Anjana Book House, 2010.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1-20% (Performance)

CIA2-20% (MSE)

CIA3-10% (Record)

 

ESE-50%

BTY651A - ALGAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper deals the principles and procedures of identification and study of various groups of algae. Further the paper deals with the application of algae as food and fuel.

Learning Outcome

CO1: aims to make the students understand the basic structural features of commercially important algal species.

CO2: Helps in study of species identification. Modules on permanent slide preparation will come handy while performing bioprospecting studies.

CO3: Helps to give confidence in students in collection, identification, classification and utilization of important algal species.

CO4: The paper highlights the applications and prospects of algal biotechnology.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiments details
 

1. Morphological study and preparation of temporary slides of Anabaena, Volvox,

Sargassum, Chlorella and Polysiphonia etc 1 unit

2. Cultivation of Chlorella 1 unit

3. Collection and preservation of commonly used algae 2 units.

4. Extraction of pigments from algae 1 unit

5. Effect of temperature and pH on algal growth 1 unit

6. Monitoring growth of algae 1 unit

7. Production of Spirulina SCP 2 units

8. Production of biofuel from algae 2 units

9. Algae as substrate for solid state fermentation 1 unit

10. Study of Lichens 1 unit

11. Field visit / trip to collect algal specimens -algae herbaria (5) to be submitted. 2 units

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Venkataraman L.V and E W. Becker. 1985. Biotechnology and Utilization of Algae – The Indian Experience. Dept. Science and Technology, New Delhi and Central Food Research Institute, Mysore, India.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Kumar, H.D. (1999). Introductory Phycology. Affiliated East-West. Press Pvt. Ltd. Delhi. 2nd edition.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 20% performance

CIA2-20% midsem

CIA3-10% record

ESE-50%

 

BTY651B - ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper deals with the fundamental protocols for detection and quantification of environmental pollution. Further it deals with observation of microbes important in environmental biotechnology.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To obtain the knowledge of the principles, techniques and current applications of biotechnology to environmental quality evaluation, monitoring, remediation of contaminated environments and energy production.

CO2: Helps to monitor the organic pollutants in water.

CO3: Provides hands on experience in various techniques for pollution biomonitoring.

CO4: Provides knowledge on microbial staining and microscopy.

CO5: Gives the idea and principle behind biogas formation.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiment details
 

1 Testing the portability of water by MPN 2

2 Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand of the water 1

3 Study on Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhiza 2

4 Isolation and Staining of Rhizobium 2

5 Production of Biogas 2

6 Determination of dissolved and suspended solids in water samples. 1

8 Microbial degradation of cellulose 2

9 Estimation of alkalinity in given water sample 1

10 Estimation of free carbon dioxide in water 1

11 Field visit 1

Text Books And Reference Books:

1.T. R. Johnson and C. L. Case, Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology, 10th ed.: San Fransisc: Benjamin Cummings, 2012.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. 1. N. Kannan, Laboratory manual in General Microbiology, New Delhi: Panima Publishing Corporation, 2002.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 20% performance

CIA2-20% midsem

CIA3-10% record

ESE-50%

BTY651C - DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This paper explains the basic practical concepts of developmental biology. The paper further helps to excel in the histology and microscopic techniques.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To escalate the basic concepts of developmental biology

CO2: To recognize the significance of morphogenesis and organogenesis in animals

CO3: To understand the significance of developmental aspects of living organism

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiment details
 

1. Types of egg study in animal- Insect, Frog, Reptile, Bird, Human.Frog .

2. Study of developmental stages - whole mounts and sections through permanent slides cleavage stages, blastula, gastrula, neurula, tail bud stage, tadpole external and internal gill stages. Chick embryo-developmental stage.

3. Study of the different types of placenta- histological sections through permanent slides or photomicrographs.

4. Examination of gametes - frog/rat - sperm and ova through permanent slides or photomicrographs.

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Kardong, K.V. (2005) Vertebrates’ Comparative Anatomy, Function and Evolution. IV Edition. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Walter, H.E. and Sayles, L.P; Biology of Vertebrates, Khosla Publishing House

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 20% performance

CIA2-20% midsem

CIA3-10% record

ESE-50%

 

BTY651D - HUMAN GENETICS LAB (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:60
No of Lecture Hours/Week:4
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

The paper imparts practical knowledge on practical aspects of human genetics and its applications. Moreover it deals with the importance of cytogenetics, different types of diagnostic methods and

importance of human genetics in the medical diagnosis field. Molecular cytogenetics is also included to get better acquainted with microscopy techniques which are of great significance in this domain.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To provide the knowledge about the genetic influence and history of human genetics

CO2: To understand the principles and mechanisms of the inheritance from one generation to the next.

CO3: To get updated with the knowledge on genetic diseases and its research approach.

CO4: To understand the basics of gene expression studies.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:60
Experiment details
 

1. Peripheral blood leukocyte culture for chromosomal studies-Demonstration

2. Sister chromatid exchange– demonstration

3. Micronucleus test-demonstration

4. Blood group identification

5. Identification of Barr body

6. Preparation of cells for COMET assay

7. Chromosomal disorders studies–Numerical, Structural.

8. Gene expression study of embryos (Zebrafish and C. Elegans)

9. Dissection and mounting of imaginal disc of Drosophilla Melanogaster

10. Case studies–learn disorders–Autism–Mental retardation

11. Visit to Genetic Diagnostic laboratory

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Cummings, M. R. 2014. Human Heredity: Principles and Issues. West Publishing Company.

2. Analytical Biochemistry, 3rd Edition. Holme, D.J and Peck, H. 1998. Pearson Education Limited.1-501.

3. Snustad and Simmons, Principles of Genetics, 4th Edition, Wiley 2005.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Amaldi, F., 1982. Practical Methods in Molecular Biology.: RF Schleif and PC Wensink. Springer-Verlag, New York, Heidelberg, Berlin.

2. Schleif, R.F. and Wensink, P.C., 2012. Practical methods in molecular biology. Springer Science & Business Media.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA1- 10%

CIA2-25%

CIA3-10%

Attendance- 5%

 

ESE-50%

BTY652E - RESEARCH PROJECT IN BIOTECHNOLOGY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:75
No of Lecture Hours/Week:5
Max Marks:150
Credits:5

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course is designed to impart knowledge in various aspects of formulating a research plan and its execution. Further the course describes the need for ethics in research and creates awareness on plagiarism.

Learning Outcome

CO1: To understand the techniques in biological science that will help the students in research.

CO2: To familiarize with scientific writing of research paper.

CO3: To learn basic concepts of research and to learn the common calculations in laboratory.

CO4: To familiarize with the concepts of ethics in publication, plagiarism and indexing of research publication and databases.

CO5: To familiarize with the basics of interdisciplinary research.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:75
Individual Student Project based on Biotechnology
 

Individual Student Project based on Biotechnology discipline

Text Books And Reference Books:

1. Thomas, C.G., Research Methodology and Scientific Writing. Anne Books Pvt. Ltd. Bengaluru. 2017.

2. Dawson, C. Practical research methods. UBS Publishers, New Delhi. 2002.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

1. Stapleton, P., Yondeowei, A., Mukanyange, J., Houten, H. Scientific writing for agricultural research scientists – a training reference manual. West Africa Rice Development Association, Hong Kong, 1995.

2. Ruzin, S.E. Plant micro technique and microscopy. Oxford University Press, New York, U.S.A., 1999.

Evaluation Pattern

CIA Evaluation - 50% 

Components of CIA 
  1. Written examination on research methodology (pass with 40% is mandatory to appear for END sem presentation) - 50 marks
  2. Presentation of the work  - 50 marks
  3. Evaluation of the workbook and completion status of the work periodically by the guide and research committee - 50 marks
 
End Semester evaluation - 50 % 
Components of ESE
  1. Presentation of the work - 50 marks
  2. Evaluation of the report of the work - 50 marks
  3. Viva - 50 marks

CHE631 - CHEMISTRY VI-MOLECULES OF LIFE (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course creates awareness about the various topics in biochemistry and the students are made to realize the role of the same in the life processes. The course emphasizes on the importance of leading a healthy life and the significance of a balanced diet which is essential to maintain nutritional requirements.

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Recall the major contributions in the development of biochemistry and significance of various biomolecules.

CO2: Examine the structure and properties of water and biomolecules in living organisms.

CO3: Predict the reactions related to carbohydrates, proteins, enzymes, nucleic acids and lipids.

CO4: Explain the concepts of energy and nutrition in biosystems.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:2
Introduction
 

Development of biochemistry- elemental and biochemical composition of living organisms-role of water in biological systems.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Carbohydrates
 

Structure and biological importance of derived monosaccharides-amino sugars, sugar acids sugar phosphates-oligosaccharides-isomaltose, cellobiose, trehalose-polysaccharides-starch, glycogen and cellulose. Heteropolysaccharides-Occurrence and composition of Hyaluronic acid-chondroitin and its sulphates-dermatan sulphate-heparin-agar-agar.

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:8
Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins
 

Classification of Amino Acids, Preparation of Amino Acids: Strecker synthesis with mechanism, Gabriel’s phthalimide synthesis.  Zwitterion structure and Isoelectric point. Electrophoresis. Reactions of amino acids- esterification of –COOH group, acetylation of –NH2 group, complexation with Cu2+ ions, ninhydrin, Edman and Sanger’s reagents.

Biological importance of proteins. Overview of Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary Structure of proteins. Determination of Primary structure of Peptides by degradation using Edmann reagent and Sanger’s reagent. Synthesis of simple peptides (upto tripeptides) by N-protection (t-butyloxycarbonyl and phthaloyl) & C-activating groups. Use of DCC as a coupling agent in peptide bond formation. Merrifield solid-phase synthesis. Introduction to peptidomimetics.

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:8
Enzymes and correlation with drug action
 

Classification-active site-Fischer and Koshland models-Enzyme kinetics- factors affecting rate of enzymatic reactions- Michaelis- Menten  equation.Mechanism of enzyme action, factors affecting enzyme action, Coenzymes andcofactors and their role in biological reactions, Specificity of enzyme action (including stereospecificity), Enzyme inhibitors and their importance, phenomenonof inhibition (Competitive and Non- competitive inhibition). Theories of drug activity: Occupancy theory, rate theory and induced fit theory. Structure –activity relationships of drug molecules.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:5
Nucleic Acids
 

Components of nucleic acids: Adenine, guanine, thymine and Cytosine (Structure only), other components of nucleic acids, Nucleosides and nucleotides (nomenclature), Structure of polynucleotides; Structure of DNA (Watson-Crick model) and RNA (types of RNA), Genetic Code, Biological roles of DNA and RNA: Replication, Transcription and Translation. 

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:6
Lipids
 

Introduction to lipids, classification. Oils and fats: Common fatty acids present in oils and fats, Omega fatty acids, Trans fats, Hydrogenation, Saponification value, Iodine number. Biological importance of triglycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids, and steroids (cholesterol).  

Steroids: Classification - Cholesterol and sex hormones (structure and biological functions only) - Elementary idea of HDL and LDL – Cholesterol and heart attack – Anabolic steroids and their abuse (elementary idea only) –Doping in sports (a brief study).

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] J. L Jain. Fundamentals of Biochemistry. 5th ed. S.Chand & co, reprint 2013 ed.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] A. Lehninger, David L. Nelson, and Michael M. Cox. Principles of Biochemistry. 8th ed.W. H. Freeman, 2012.

[2] Conn, and Stumpf. Outlines of Biochemistry.  5thed.  John Wiley & sons, inc, 2012.

[3] P.C Champe and R. A. Harvey.  Biochemistry.4th ed. Lippincott & co, 2011.

[4] M. Devlin and Thomas. Textbook of Biochemistry.  7th ed. Wiley, 2011.

[5] Voet, and Voet. Biochemistry. 6th ed. Wiley, 2012.

Evaluation Pattern

 

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

 

CHE641A - CHEMISTRY VIA-INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course is intended to impart a deep knowledge in the fields of Industrial and Environmental Chemistry. The course emphasizes on the applications of various industrial chemicals. It gives an insight on the importance of preserving our natural resources and conserving our environment.

 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Explain the principles and concepts involved in the manufacture of industrial chemicals.

CO2: Predict the hazards involved in storage, handling and transportation of industrial chemicals.

CO3: Develops environment sensitivity and social responsibility to limit the pollution of water.

CO4: Discuss the significance of renewable energy sources and environmental protection.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:4
Industrial safety and safe practices
 

Safety aspect related to transport, handling and storage flammable liquids and gases and toxic materials. Safety aspects at process development and design stage.

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:4
Industrial gases and inorganic Chemicals
 

Large scale production, uses, storage and hazards in handling the following gases: oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, acetylene.

Manufacture, application, analysis and hazards in handling the following chemicals: hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic soda,

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:3
Processing of industrial materials
 

Chemical bonding and properties of materials: Mechanical, Electrical, Magnetic,  Optical, Thermal; Oxidation and degradation behavior of industrial materials.

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:3
Quality control in chemical industry
 

Quality Assurance: Elements of quality Assurance, Quality Management System Quality management concepts and principles: ISO 9001:2000 in chemical industries. TQM in Chemical Industry. Six Sigma Approach to Quality: Applying Six Sigma to chemical Industries. Accreditation of QC laboratories.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:3
Ecologically safe products and processes
 

Mining and metal biotechnology: microbial transformation, accumulation and concentration of metals, metal leaching, extraction; exploitation of microbes in copper and uranium extraction,

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:3
Environmental policy and agreements
 

Environmental policy debate; International agreements; Montreal protocol 1987; Kyoto protocol 1997; Convention on Climate Change; carbon credit and carbon trading; clean development mechanism.

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK (2008).

[2] A. K. De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt., Ltd, New Delhi (2012).

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley Publishers, New Delhi (2008).

[2] J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, NewDelhi (2013)

[3] S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi (2014).

[4] S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi (2013).

[5] S.E. Manhattan, Environmental Chemistry, CRC Press (2005).

[6]G.T. Miller, Environmental Science 11th edition. Brooks/ Cole (2006).

[7] A. Mishra, Environmental Studies. Selective and Scientific Books, New Delhi (2005).

 

Evaluation Pattern

 

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

 

CHE641B - CHEMISTRY VIB-CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:45
No of Lecture Hours/Week:3
Max Marks:100
Credits:3

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course deals with various topics of natural products chemistry and lays the foundation for the study of heterocyclic compounds.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Predict the structure of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, natural drugs, natural coloring agents and heterocyclic compounds.

CO2: Utilise the appropriate reactions in structural studies of terpenoids, alkaloids, steroids, natural drugs, natural coloring agents and heterocyclic compounds.

CO3: Discuss the chemistry and significance of natural products and heterocyclic compounds.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:5
Terpenes
 

Section A: Natural Products Chemistry

Prelearning: Introduction and scope of natural products chemistry. Primary and secondary plant metabolites. Different classes of natural products.

 

Terpenes: Occurrence, classification, Isoprene rules, cyclization reactions, gem-dialkyl rule. Physico-chemical methods in structural studies (UV, IR, NMR, Mass). Structural elucidation and synthesis of citral, structures and uses of Menthol, Camphor, Limonene and beta-Carotene

Unit-2
Teaching Hours:6
Alkaloids
 

Occurrence, classification and isolation of alkaloids, General characteristics of alkaloids.  Structural elucidation of alkaloids; molecular formula, functional group analysis; nature of oxygen atom (alcoholic, hydroxyl, phenolic, methoxy, carboxylic group). Physico-chemical methods (UV, IR, NMR, Mass). Structure and synthesis of nicotine. Medicinal uses of Quinine, Morphine, Strychnine, Cocaine, Atropine, Reserpine and Nicotine. Colour reaction tests (Erdmann, Mayer, Hager reagents).

Unit-3
Teaching Hours:5
Naturally occurring Drugs
 

Drugs-chemotherapy- classification of drugs- Stimulants (caffeine, nicotine, cocaine)-Depressants (alcohol, heroin) – Hallucinogens (magic mushrooms, marijuana)- psychoactive substances (morning glory, mescaline) pain killers (ginger, turmeric, Capsaicin), antimalarials (quinine, artemisinin) anti-cancer (taxol, captothecin, vinblastine, vincristine), antidiabetic (Eugenia jambolana, green tea) immunostimulants (tinosporacordifolia), antibiotic (garlic).

 

Unit-4
Teaching Hours:5
Steroids
 

Occurrence. Nomenclature, basic skeleton, Diels hydrocarbon, Stereochemistry of steroids Sex hormones and corticosteroids. Structure of cholesterol and ergosterol (No synthesis). Conversion of cholesterol to progesterone and Testosterone. Liebermann-Burchard reaction.

Unit-5
Teaching Hours:5
Natural Pigments
 

Natural colouring matter, general classification, isolation of anthocyanins (cyanine), flavones (chryosin) and flavanol (Quercetin), Porphyrin; structure, spectral properties and applications (for all). Colour tests for anthocyanins, Flavones, Flavonols (colour with aq. NaOH, Conc.H2SO4 and Mg/HCl).

 

Unit-6
Teaching Hours:5
Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry
 

Section B: Heterocyclic compounds     

Prelearning: General introduction of heterocyclic compounds and their importance.

Introduction to heterocyclic chemistry: Introduction, classification, nomenclature (monocyclic and polycyclic), importance of heterocyclic compounds.

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. I, CBS Publications & Distributors

     1st Edition 2010.                                              

[2] Ashutosh, K., Chemistry of natural products Vol. II, CBS Publications & Distributors 1st Edition 2012.

[3] Bhat, S., Nagasampagi B., Sivakumar M., Chemistry of natural productsNarosa Publishing House New Delhi 2005.

[4] Ahluwalia, V. K. Heterocyclic Chemistry, Narosa Publishing House New Delhi, 2016.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] Katritzky, A. R. Handbook of Heterocyclic Chemistry, 3rd addition, 2010.

[2] Agrawal, O. P. Chemistry of Natural products vol I & II, 41st addition, 2014.

Evaluation Pattern

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3,

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

CHE651 - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VI-MOLECULES OF LIFE (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course introduces different biochemical techniques for the determination and analysis of various biomolecules like carbohydrates, amino acids etc.It also emphasizes the importance of organized and systematic approach in carrying out experiments.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Understand the action of salivary amylase of starch.

CO2: Analyze amino acids by paper chromatography.

CO3: Estimate absorbance of biomolecules by colorimetric method.

CO4: Determine iodine value and saponification value of oils.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Chemistry Practicals VI - Molecules of Life
 

1.Separation of amino acids by paper chromatography. 

2.To determine the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.

3.Estimation of creatinine in urine by Jaffe’s method.

4.Estimation of inorganic phosphate in food samples by Fiske –Subbarow method. 

5.Estimation of total reducing sugars in honey by DNS (Dinitrosalicyclic acid) method.

6.Estimation of protein by biuret method and Lowry’s method.

7.Study of titration curve of glycine.

8.Determination of the concentration of glycine solution by formylation method.

9.Action of salivary amylase on starch.

10.Effect of temperature on the action of salivary amylase on starch.

11.To determine the saponification value of an oil/fat.

12.To determine the iodine value of an oil/fat.

13.Differentiate between a reducing/ non reducing sugar.

14.Extraction of DNA from onion/cauliflower.

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] David T Plummer, An Introduction to Practical Biochemistry, 1st edition 1987, Tata McGraw-Hill publishing company reprint 2008.

[2] B.S. Furniss, A.J. Hannaford, V. Rogers, P.W.G. Smith and A.R.Tatchell, Vogel’s Textbook of Practical Organic Chemistry, 5th edition 1989 ELBS.

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] J. Jayaraman, Laboratory Manual in Biochemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd., 2011.

[2] V. K. Ahluwalia and R. Aggarwal, Comprehensive Practical Organic Chemistry, 1st edition 2001, Universities Press.

Evaluation Pattern

 

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

 

CHE651A - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIA-INDUSTRIAL MATERIALS AND ENVIRONMENT (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This practicals course deals with analysis of fertilizers, ceramic and plastic materials, estimation of ores, alloys and cement

Learning Outcome

CO1: Estimate phosphoric acid in superphosphate fertilizer.

CO2: Analyze different types of alloys.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Practicals
 

 

 

  1. Estimation of phosphoric acid in superphosphate fertilizer.
  2. Electroless metallic coatings on ceramic and plastic material.
  3. Determination of composition of dolomite (by complexometric titration).
  4. Determination of composition of pyrolusite by titration.
  5. Analysis of (Cu, Ni); (Cu, Zn) in alloy or synthetic samples.
  6. Analysis of (Fe, Cr); solder in alloy or synthetic samples.
  7. Analysis of Cement/pyrolusite.
  8. Preparation of pigment (zinc oxide).
  9. Determination of dissolved oxygen in water.
  10. Alloy analysis

 

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] E. Stocchi: Industrial Chemistry, Vol-I, Ellis Horwood Ltd. UK (2008).

 

[2] A. K. De, Environmental Chemistry: New Age International Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi (2012).

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] R.M. Felder, R.W. Rousseau: Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Wiley Publishers, New Delhi. J. A. Kent: Riegel’s Handbook of Industrial Chemistry, CBS Publishers, New Delhi (2008).

 

[2] S. S. Dara: A Textbook of Engineering Chemistry, S. Chand & Company Ltd. New Delhi (2014).

 

[3] S. M. Khopkar, Environmental Pollution Analysis: Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi (2013).

 

 

 

Evaluation Pattern

 

 

 

 

 

No.

Component

Schedule

Duration

Marks

CIA1

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

Before MST

--

10

 

CIA2

Mid-Sem Test

[MST]

2 Hrs (50 marks)

25

CIA3

Assignment/quiz/group task/ presentations

After MST

--

10

CIA3

Attendance (75-79 = 1, 80-84 = 2, 85-89 = 3, 

90-94 = 4, 95-100 = 5)

--

5

ESE

Centralized

3 Hrs (100 marks)

50

Total

100

 

 

 

CHE651B - CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS VIB-CHEMISTRY OF NATURAL PRODUCTS AND ORGANIC ANALYSIS (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:30
No of Lecture Hours/Week:2
Max Marks:50
Credits:2

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This course deals with the extraction and estimation of natural products chemistry and lays the foundation for the analysis of organic compounds. 

Learning Outcome

CO1: Explain the theory of extraction of Natural products.

CO2: Estimate Natural products and Nucleic acids by different methods.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:30
Chemistry Practicals VIB - Natural Products and Organic Analysis
 

1.  Section A: Natural Products Chemistry#

 

1. Extraction of natural products by Soxhlet extraction method.

2. Standardization of green tea extract.

3. Isolation of alkaloids.

4. Isolation of natural products by column chromatography

5. Isolation of natural products by preparative TLC.

6. Isolation of Caffeine.

7. Estimation of Caffeine by titration method.

8. Estimation of beta carotene by spectroscopic method.

9. Estimation of polyphenols using Folin–Ciocalteu reagent)

10. Estimation of iron in mustard seed / maize.

11. Estimation of DNA using Diphenyl amine method.

12. Estimation of RNA by Orcinol method.

 

Section B: Organic compound analysis:

Determination of melting and boiling points.

Detection of extra elements (N, S, Cl, Br, I) in organic compounds (containing up to two extra elements).

Systematic Qualitative Organic Analysis of Organic Compounds possessing monofunctional groups (-COOH, phenolic, aldehydic, ketonic, amide, nitro, amines)

Preparation of one derivative.

Text Books And Reference Books:

[1] Siddiqui, A., Siddiqui, S. Natural Products Chemistry Practical Manual: For Science and Pharmacy Courses, CBS Publisher, 2008.

 

[2] Pavia, I. D. L., Lampman, G. M. and Kriz, G. S. Introduction to Organic Laboratory Techniques, W.B. Saunders Company, 1976.

 

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

[1] Svehla, G. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis, Pearson Education, 2012

Evaluation Pattern

Examination pattern for Practical

 

No.

Component

Duration

Points

Marks

CIA1

Mid-Sem Test

3 Hrs

50

20

 

CIA2

Class work, PreLab Quiz, assignments

---

40

20

CIA3

Record book

-----

20

10

ESE

Centralized (two Examiners)              3 Hrs

 50

50

Total

25+25=50

       

CHE681 - DISSERTATION IN CHEMISTRY (2021 Batch)

Total Teaching Hours for Semester:105
No of Lecture Hours/Week:7
Max Marks:100
Credits:5

Course Objectives/Course Description

 

This project-based course is intended to provide the students an opportunity to choose and learn more about any topic based on their interest, from Chemistry. This will act as a springboard for pursuing research.  This will also enhance teamwork, planning, time management and effective use of resources.

Learning Outcome

CO1: Choose various topics on which they can conduct innovative experiments.

CO2: Demonstrate teamwork, time management and initiative.

Unit-1
Teaching Hours:105
Course Content
 

The basics of scientific writing, experimental design, project reporting and presentation.

Aims and means of assessing the feasibility of projects.

Techniques in data collection, collation and analysis.

Investigation and written report on an approved topic.

 

Evaluation parameters for the dissertation

Review of literature

Novelty of the research method 

Scientific quality

Results and discussion

Progress presentation 

 

Dissertation with poster followed by viva

Text Books And Reference Books:

National and International journals in chemistry

Essential Reading / Recommended Reading

National and International journals in chemistry

Evaluation Pattern

CIA 1:      continuous assessment and Proposal presentation               30   marks           

CIA 2:      continuous assessment and Progress presentation               30    marks         

CIA 3:      continuous assessment and Progress presentation               30    marks

Attendance:                                                                                       10     marks

 

ESE:

 

            Dissertation                                      20 marks

             Poster                                           5 marks

 

             Presentation followed by Viva      25 marks